{"id":1018,"date":"2021-08-20T14:56:04","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T14:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/?p=1018"},"modified":"2026-09-19T13:54:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T13:54:50","slug":"how-do-you-take-those-photos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/how-do-you-take-those-photos\/","title":{"rendered":"How Do You Take Deep Sky Astrophotography Photos? 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electricity.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/how-to-use-mains-power-for-your-asiair-plus\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/MainsPower_1x1.jpg\"},\"1745\":{\"title\":\"Askar 130PHQ\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/MyAstroKit_1x1.jpg\"},\"1747\":{\"title\":\"Dualband Filter Shootout\",\"copy\":\"Compare L-eXtreme, L-Ultimate and Colour Magic 6nm filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dualband-shootout.jpg\"},\"1752\":{\"title\":\"Eagle Image Stacker\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the image-stacking software.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-eagle-image-stacker\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EagleImageStacker_1x1.jpg\"},\"1754\":{\"title\":\"William Optics 50mm Guidescope\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the ROTO Lock guidescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-william-optics-50mm-guidescope-with-1-25-roto-lock\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WOGuidescope_1x1.jpg\"},\"1834\":{\"title\":\"Talks and Presentations\",\"copy\":\"Explore my talks about astrophotography and the night sky.\",\"kind\":\"About\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/talks\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Talks_1x1.jpg\"},\"1852\":{\"title\":\"Framing Custom Targets With ASIAIR\",\"copy\":\"Plan the framing of your next astrophotography target.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/asiair-guide-how-to-frame-custom-targets\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CustomFraming_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"1958\":{\"title\":\"Askar Colour Magic D1 & D2\",\"copy\":\"Explore my tests of the Ha\/OIII and SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-askar-colour-magic-d1-and-d2-duo-band-filters-ha-oiii-sii-oiii\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/AskarD1D2_1x1.jpg\"},\"2132\":{\"title\":\"Reprocessing Bonanza\",\"copy\":\"Compare before-and-after results from revisiting older images.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/reprocessing-bonanza-2022-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Reprocessing_Bonanza_2022_icon.jpg\"},\"2274\":{\"title\":\"The Astrophotography Planner\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the custom digital edition.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-the-astrophotography-planner-custom-digital-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/AstrophotographyPlanner_1x1.jpg\"},\"2346\":{\"title\":\"BlurXTerminator\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the image-processing tool.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-blurxterminator\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BlurXTerminator_1x1.jpg\"},\"2544\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight Pre-Processing Guide\",\"copy\":\"Work through calibration, registration and image integration.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-pre-processing\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/PixInsight-Guide-to-Preprocessing.jpg\"},\"2915\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Seestar S50\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the smart telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-seestar-s50\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Seestar-UA-res-1x1-1.jpg\"},\"2953\":{\"title\":\"Seestar for Public Outreach\",\"copy\":\"Explore ideas for using a Seestar at astronomy events.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-to-using-a-seestar-s50-for-public-outreach\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Simple.jpg\"},\"3005\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Camera Repair Guide\",\"copy\":\"Follow my experience of sending a camera from the UK to China.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/zwo-rma-sending-a-broken-camera-from-the-uk-to-china-for-repairs\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Oil-leak-2-1.jpg\"},\"3025\":{\"title\":\"Optolong L-Quad Enhance\",\"copy\":\"Explore my tests of the light-pollution filter.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-optolong-l-quad-enhance\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LQEF.jpeg\"},\"3151\":{\"title\":\"Choosing a Filter for an OSC Camera\",\"copy\":\"Explore broadband and narrowband filter choices.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-which-filter-should-i-use-with-my-osc-camera\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/001-March-19-2024-FilterChoice_1x1-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.jpg\"},\"3180\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight IntegerResample\",\"copy\":\"Read about when to bin your astrophotography data.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-integerresample-knowing-when-to-bin-your-data\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/IntegerResample_1x1.jpg\"},\"5424\":{\"title\":\"Askar E2 vs D2\",\"copy\":\"Compare the two SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-colour-magic-e2-sii-oiii-filter-e2-vs-d2\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/v2_E2_starless-3.jpg\"},\"9780\":{\"title\":\"Immersed in Starlight\",\"copy\":\"Explore my astrophotography exhibition.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/exhibition-immersed-in-starlight\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Immersed_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"11623\":{\"title\":\"ZWO ASI 220MM Mini\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the guide camera.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi-220mm-mini\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO220MMUAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11624\":{\"title\":\"Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider\",\"copy\":\"Explore the off-axis guider in my setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-m54-off-axis-guider\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AskarOAG_UAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11654\":{\"title\":\"StellarDrive X 6R PRO\",\"copy\":\"See how the mount performs in my imaging setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-stellardrive-x-6r-pro-mount-darkframe-optics\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/001-Stellardrive-UAres_1x1-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp\"},\"13036\":{\"title\":\"Svbony SV535\",\"copy\":\"Explore my review of the 105mm f\/2.8 astrograph.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-svbony-sv535-105mm-f-2-8-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Svbony535_UAres_1x1.webp\"}},map={\"216\":[1258,3151,325],\"314\":[11654,11624,1258],\"317\":[1018,2544,2274],\"320\":[314,1018,1834],\"325\":[1096,1661,2274],\"327\":[3025,3151,1747],\"425\":[314,11654,2346],\"899\":[9780,320,1834],\"957\":[2544,3180,2346],\"1018\":[314,216,3151],\"1096\":[1661,1852,325],\"1182\":[2544,425,314],\"1236\":[314,1661,325],\"1258\":[216,3151,3005],\"1299\":[1745,13036,1381],\"1350\":[216,3180,425],\"1381\":[1400,1754,11624],\"1400\":[11623,1381,1754],\"1444\":[2544,2346,3180],\"1661\":[1096,314,325],\"1745\":[1299,13036,11624],\"1747\":[1958,5424,3151],\"1752\":[2544,1444,2132],\"1754\":[1381,11623,11624],\"1834\":[9780,2953,320],\"1852\":[1096,2274,2953],\"1958\":[5424,1747,3151],\"2132\":[2346,1444,2544],\"2274\":[1852,325,1018],\"2346\":[1444,3180,2132],\"2544\":[1444,1182,3180],\"2610\":[1958,5424,2544],\"2915\":[2953,1018,1852],\"2953\":[2915,1834,1018],\"3005\":[1258,11623,314],\"3025\":[327,3151,1747],\"3151\":[1747,3025,1958],\"3180\":[2544,2346,1258],\"5424\":[1958,1747,3151],\"9780\":[1834,899,320],\"11623\":[11624,1400,11654],\"11624\":[11623,1754,11654],\"11654\":[11624,11623,314],\"13036\":[1299,1745,1258]},id=post.id.replace('post-',''),items=map[id];if(!items)return;const section=document.createElement('section');section.id='related-content';section.className='ua-related-content';section.setAttribute('aria-labelledby','ua-related-heading');const heading=document.createElement('h2');heading.id='ua-related-heading';heading.textContent='Related content';const grid=document.createElement('div');grid.className='ua-related-grid';section.append(heading,grid);items.forEach(key=>{const item=cards[key],a=document.createElement('a'),img=document.createElement('img'),body=document.createElement('div'),kind=document.createElement('span'),title=document.createElement('h3'),copy=document.createElement('p'),more=document.createElement('span');a.className='ua-related-link';a.href=item.href;img.src=item.src;img.alt='';img.loading='lazy';img.decoding='async';img.width=800;img.height=600;body.className='ua-related-copy';kind.className='ua-related-kind';kind.textContent=item.kind;title.textContent=item.title;copy.textContent=id==='11623'&&key===1400?'Read my review of the other guide camera in the comparison.':item.copy;more.className='ua-related-more';more.textContent=item.kind==='Review'?'Read review \u2192':item.kind==='Article'?'Read article \u2192':'Explore \u2192';body.append(kind,title,copy,more);a.append(img,body);grid.append(a)});const footer=root.querySelector('.ua-editorial-footer');if(footer)footer.before(section);else root.append(section);post.closest('main')?.querySelector('nav.post-navigation')?.remove();}if(document.readyState==='loading')document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',addRelated);else addRelated();})();<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"ua-editorial-config\">{\"id\": 1018, \"kind\": \"Articles\", \"route\": \"articles\", \"main\": [[0, \"Introduction\"], [1, \"Planning\"], [2, \"Acquisition\"], [3, \"Processing\"], [4, \"Conclusion\"], [5, \"Where to buy\"]], \"insert\": [], \"rollout\": true}<\/script>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull wp-duotone-unset-1\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"878\" height=\"405\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1050 size-full\" alt=\"ASIAIR Plus screenshot\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=878%2C405&#038;ssl=1\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?w=878&amp;ssl=1 878w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=300%2C138&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=768%2C354&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=500%2C231&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=800%2C369&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-eighty-black-background-color has-background-dim-70 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xxl, 4rem);font-style:normal;text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a\"]{text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a\"]{text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_bbd285-5a\"><strong>How Do You Take Deep Sky Astrophotography Photos? <\/strong><br><strong>A Beginner\u2019s Guide<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5\"]{text-align:center;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-family:Oxygen;text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5\"]{text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5\"]{text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6fba96-a5\">First published August 2021<br>Last updated January 2026<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1018_9f450c-c5 .kt-block-spacer{height:6px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1018_9f450c-c5 .kt-divider{border-top-width:2px;border-top-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.60);width:30%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-1018_9f450c-c5\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(30% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 ,.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 h1,.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 h2,.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 h3,.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 h4,.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 h5,.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_e7e3f9-71 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"intro\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_c380a5-7f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab{padding-top:6px;gap:3px;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab{justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"toc-rail wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1018_1d7cd5-ab\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button{color:#ffffff;background:#363636;font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:#363636;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1018_b3c9e6-73 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#intro\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\"><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_6210d3-58.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1018_6210d3-58 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#planning\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">1. Planning<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1018_f74fca-0f kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#data\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">2. Data acquisition<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_b464eb-73.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1018_b464eb-73 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#processing\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">3. Processing<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1018_5c4d79-1c kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#conclude\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">To conclude<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1018_1e12b4-c8 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#where-to-buy\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Where to buy<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_6d54e1-97\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_ee05c7-23\">Intro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most of the content on this website is aimed at astrophotographers, but the question I\u2019m asked most often comes from people with no background in the hobby at all: \u201cHow do you take those photos?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The short answer is that I use a telescope and a specialised camera to take many photographs of the same object in space. Those images are then combined using computer software to create a single, high quality result, which is carefully edited to bring out faint detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019d like a little more explanation, but without diving into technical detail, the process of taking astrophotographs can be broken down into three main stages: Planning, Data Acquisition, and Processing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 ,.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 h1,.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 h2,.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 h3,.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 h4,.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 h5,.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_688464-12 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_b1b591-6a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"planning\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_dea96f-69\">1. Planning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">The first thing is deciding what to photograph. Different objects are visible in the sky at different times of year, so to help I use <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-the-astrophotography-planner-custom-digital-edition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Astrophotography Planner Custom Digital Edition<\/a>  and then use a free piece of software called <a href=\"https:\/\/stellarium.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stellarium<\/a>. I&#8217;ve input my location as my home city of Bristol, and with this information Stellarium can show exactly what&#8217;s visible in the sky above me.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">My telescope<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi2600mc-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">camera<\/a> can photograph an area of the sky about half the size of your thumbnail held out at arm&#8217;s length. This is important because it affects what targets I can take good photographs of. For example, the planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn&#8230;) appear <em>tiny<\/em> when viewed through a telescope like mine. I can&#8217;t take good photos of them, unfortunately. Similarly, most galaxies appear small. I can photograph them, but I&#8217;ll need to crop in a lot during post-processing and the whole process is sub-optimal.<br><br>The good news is that there are lots of clouds of gas and dust in space &#8212; called nebulae &#8212; that appear large. Stellarium helps here too. After inputting my telescope and camera specifications, it draws a red rectangle to show the area of sky I can photograph. I then test out different objects and see what fits best. The images below give some examples. See how Jupiter is tiny, but other objects fill the frame?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\" style=\"--aspect-ratio:calc(880 \/ 551)\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"551\" alt=\"Stellarium screenshot\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1020\" data-id=\"1020\" data-aspect-ratio=\"880 \/ 551\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=880%2C551&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=1024%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=768%2C481&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=500%2C313&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=800%2C501&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?resize=1280%2C802&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium1.jpg?w=1378&amp;ssl=1 1378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"554\" alt=\"Stellarium screenshot\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1021\" data-id=\"1021\" data-aspect-ratio=\"880 \/ 554\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=880%2C554&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=1024%2C645&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=768%2C484&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=500%2C315&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=800%2C504&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?resize=1280%2C807&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium2.jpg?w=1376&amp;ssl=1 1376w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"553\" alt=\"Stellarium screenshot\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1022\" data-id=\"1022\" data-aspect-ratio=\"880 \/ 553\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=880%2C553&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=1024%2C644&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=768%2C483&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=500%2C314&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=800%2C503&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?resize=1280%2C804&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium3.jpg?w=1378&amp;ssl=1 1378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"552\" alt=\"Stellarium screenshot\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1023\" data-id=\"1023\" data-aspect-ratio=\"880 \/ 552\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=880%2C552&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=1024%2C642&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=768%2C481&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=500%2C313&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=800%2C501&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?resize=1280%2C802&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Stellarium4.jpg?w=1380&amp;ssl=1 1380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I&#8217;ve narrowed down my choice of targets, but I&#8217;m still not there. I&#8217;ll want something that&#8217;s as high in the sky as possible, because that&#8217;s when you&#8217;re looking through less atmosphere and so the sky is darker and you get crisper views. The target should also be in a good position not just on one night, but ideally over the next month or so because I&#8217;ll be returning to image it night after night. More on that in the next section.<br><br>But we&#8217;re still not there! I use a particular type of camera and filter that&#8217;s optimised for astronomical objects that contain lots of hydrogen. Luckily, that includes a lot of the nebulae that also tick the wide-field box. It&#8217;s certainly possible for me to photograph <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/the-iris-nebula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">objects not rich in hydrogen<\/a>, but it&#8217;s more difficult to get good results.<br><br>All this just to choose what to image!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec ,.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec h1,.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec h2,.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec h3,.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec h4,.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec h5,.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_bcf2da-ec alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_f270f9-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_f270f9-40\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"data\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_2bee0d-05\">2. Data acquisition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once I&#8217;ve completed the planning stage I can move onto &#8220;data acquisition&#8221;, which is a fancy way of saying &#8220;taking photos&#8221;. When it looks like the skies are going to be clear, I&#8217;ll take my telescope and all the gadgets that are bolted onto it from its home in my shed and out to the garden and will attach it to a special motorised mount that&#8217;s permanently installed in my garden, under a waterproof cover when not in use. This only takes a few minutes.<br><br>If I&#8217;m imaging one of those hydrogen-rich nebulae, I&#8217;ll also attach a special filter called an <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Optolong L-Ultimate<\/a>. This only allows light associated with hydrogen and oxygen through to my camera sensor, which lets me record them in more detail while also blocking out a lot of the light pollution that surrounds me.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab580a7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab580a7\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=682%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar 130PHQ telescope and ZWO ASI 2600MC PRO camera set on on a pier in a city centre garden\" class=\"wp-image-1910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=682%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 682w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=768%2C1154&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=1022%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1022w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=500%2C751&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=800%2C1202&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?resize=1280%2C1923&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_7986.jpg?w=1363&amp;ssl=1 1363w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">All set up and ready to go.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At no point do I ever look through the telescope with my eyes. Instead, my astrocamera is attached at the back of the telescope. This camera, the mount, and all my other gizmos are hooked up to a little gadget called an <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-asiair-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ASIAIR Plus<\/a>, or just ASIAIR for short. This is a computerised brain that controls everything. I connect to the ASIAIR wirelessly using an app on my phone. I can then issue it commands.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab58562&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab58562\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"878\" height=\"405\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=878%2C405\" alt=\"ASIAIR Plus screenshot\" class=\"wp-image-1050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?w=878&amp;ssl=1 878w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=300%2C138&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=768%2C354&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=500%2C231&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AAP-UI.jpg?resize=800%2C369&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is the AAP&#8217;s user interface. From here I can control the telescope, camera, and all the other kit.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first command I&#8217;ll send is to activate my astrocamera&#8217;s cooling fan, lowering the temperature of its sensor to -10 degrees C. It&#8217;ll stay at exactly that temperature for the entire night. Being below freezing lowers the amount of &#8220;digital noise&#8221; that the sensor produces, which appears as coloured speckles in a photo. Lower noise = smoother images. Being at a set temperature also helps with calibration, which we&#8217;ll talk about later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab589e1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab589e1\" class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar 130PHQ telescope with ZWO ASI 2600MC PRO camera attached\" class=\"wp-image-1929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSC_7987.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The astrocamera is the red cylinder at the back of the telescope (to the left in this photo).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now it&#8217;s time to actually find the target I&#8217;m photographing! I&#8217;ll tell the ASIAIR what I want to look at, either by inputting an object&#8217;s official astronomical name, or its celestial coordinates (right ascension and declination). All this information is readily accessible in Stellarium. The ASIAIR has a model of the sky built into its memory. It uses this to tell the motorised mount to swing the telescope around to where it thinks the target will be. Once it&#8217;s done that, the camera takes a photo, and the ASIAIR analyses it. By noting the positions of the stars in the image and comparing them to its internal database, the ASIAIR can work out exactly where in the sky the telescope is pointing. It&#8217;s probably close to the target, but not exactly on. So the process repeats again, and perhaps one more time after that, until it&#8217;s <em>exactly<\/em> on target. This technique is called plate solving and it&#8217;s fantastic!<br><br>If this is the first time I&#8217;m imaging a target, next I&#8217;ll take a test photo to make sure my camera is at the right angle. Its sensor is rectangular, so the angle can make a big difference to the framing. If the angle isn&#8217;t optimal, I need to twist a part of the telescope that then rotates the camera, and then take another image and see if that&#8217;s better.<br><br>Next, I&#8217;ll issue the ASIAIR a series of commands for it to carry out automatically over the night. It will first run an autofocus routine, where a little motor adjusts the focus of the telescope until the stars are as small as possible; this means they&#8217;re in focus. Then the camera will begin taking photos.<br><br>Astronomical objects like the nebulae I favour tend to be very faint, so a long exposure time is needed to get any detail at all. To explain further, let&#8217;s say you&#8217;re having a day out at the beach and are taking some photos with a regular camera. It&#8217;s a sunny day and there&#8217;s a lot of light. Your camera&#8217;s exposure time &#8212; how long the shutter is open, exposing the sensor to light &#8212; will be really short. Say, 1\/500th of a second. Blink-of-an-eye. Then the sun sets and it&#8217;s twilight. To gather enough light now, your camera sensor needs a longer exposure time, ideally several seconds. You&#8217;d better have steady arms, or you&#8217;ll get a blurry picture!<br><br>Objects in space are <em>really<\/em> faint, and the amount of light we receive from them is tiny compared to even your twilight beach photography session. I tend to set my camera&#8217;s exposure time to 5-minutes. If you&#8217;re a regular photographer, you&#8217;ll appreciate that this is ludicrously long! In the realm of astrophotography, it&#8217;s actually fairly standard.<br><br>Here&#8217;s where things get really tricky&#8230; the target I&#8217;m photographing doesn&#8217;t stay still. Just as the sun moves through the sky throughout the day, the stars and other astronomical objects do the same thing at night. (It&#8217;s actually the Earth spinning in space that makes them seem to move). Just looking up you don&#8217;t notice, but the motion is very apparent through a telescope. Our target needs to be exactly and constantly centered in our astrocamera view to get a good long exposure photo of it, otherwise it will appear as a streak. To solve this conundrum, my telescope mount&#8217;s motors keep whirring away, moving the telescope at precisely the same rate as the Earth spins, so the target stays centered in the camera&#8217;s frame for the entire exposure.<br><br>There&#8217;s actually a bit more to it that than, even. The telescope&#8217;s motors aren&#8217;t perfect; sometimes gears slip, or other issues cause the tracking to get slightly out of sync. To solve this, I have a mini telescope and mini camera attached to the side of the main telescope: officially called a guidescope and guidecam. Their job is to stare at the stars, taking short one-second exposures. If the stars don&#8217;t stay still, that means that the mount&#8217;s tracking is slightly off. The ASIAIR detects this right away and corrects the mount.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab58db1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab58db1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"878\" height=\"405\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guiding-example.jpg?resize=878%2C405\" alt=\"ASIAIR Plus screenshot\" class=\"wp-image-1049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guiding-example.jpg?w=878&amp;ssl=1 878w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guiding-example.jpg?resize=300%2C138&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guiding-example.jpg?resize=768%2C354&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guiding-example.jpg?resize=500%2C231&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guiding-example.jpg?resize=800%2C369&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The AAP&#8217;s guiding system. The red and blue lines show how the mount is being corrected to stay exactly on target.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After all that, I&#8217;ve got one 5-minute photo of the target. That&#8217;s called a sub-exposure, or sub for short. Alas, one sub isn&#8217;t nearly enough. To get proper detail I need to take lots and lots of 5-minute subs &#8212; to be explained more in the next section. I generally aim for between 240 and 360 subs (20 to 30 hours). This needs far more time than is available in a single night, especially as clouds can cut an imaging run short. So, I repeat the process every clear night for as long as it takes for me to get all my subs. I can spend more than a month per target, but really it depends on how cloudy the weather is; and also the season, as winter nights are longer so I can get more subs per night.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab5914d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab5914d\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"Example single subframe from a ZWO ASI 2600MC PRO camera\" class=\"wp-image-240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?w=1038&amp;ssl=1 1038w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> A single sub. It doesn&#8217;t even look this good straight out of the camera &#8212; I&#8217;ve had to do some tweaking in software just to display it like this.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even then there&#8217;s a bit more to consider. To help get the best image possible it&#8217;s necessary to take calibration frames. The main ones I use are called Flats. Flats let you remove the effects of any particles of dust that are in your telescope and perhaps on the camera sensor, as well as dark corners called vignetting. I obtain Flats by holding an electroluminescent panel right up to the telescope. Taking calibration frames is a bit of a hassle, but well worth it in the end. A fresh set of Flats is only needed once per imaging project.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab595b2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab595b2\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"590\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat-1024x686.jpg?resize=880%2C590\" alt=\"Example Flat frame from a ZWO ASI 2600MC PRO camera\" class=\"wp-image-1053\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=1024%2C686&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=768%2C514&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=500%2C335&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?w=1039&amp;ssl=1 1039w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is a Flat. Notice the dark corners, and also the black circle at the left &#8212; that&#8217;s a piece of dust.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 ,.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 h1,.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 h2,.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 h3,.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 h4,.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 h5,.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_1dff59-e6 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_33b1d0-2a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"processing\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_34bf3c-02\">3. Processing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ok, now I&#8217;ve got many hundreds of subs, and calibration frames. We can move onto processing! This is all done at the computer. Processing is as important as image acquisition, and is the difference between a good and bad final image.<br><br>I&#8217;ll put all of the subs onto my computer and then load them into <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-pixinsight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">specialist astrophotography processing software<\/a>. I&#8217;ll then analyse the subs in order to delete any that are poor quality. My final image will be a combination of all these subs, so we only want the best. If you&#8217;re baking a cake, you want the best ingredients! First I&#8217;ll visually inspect the subs to see if any are obviously bad; typically because clouds rolled in. This often removes 10 &#8211; 20% of the subs. Next, I&#8217;ll use the software to analyse each sub and graph the results. I remove any subs that aren&#8217;t good enough quality. Maybe the stars aren&#8217;t sharp enough, or there was slight trailing because the mount and guide system had a glitch, or dawn was closing in and the sky was getting bright. Whatever the reason, if the sub isn&#8217;t good, it gets deleted. This tends to remove another 10 &#8211; 20%.<br><br>Next comes those Flat calibration frames. The software will subtract them from the remaining subs, which ultimately improves their quality.<br><br>The next step is a big one. I&#8217;ll tell the software to take all the calibrated subs and combine them together to make one image. This boosts the light from my target, while averaging out (so helping to remove) anything I don&#8217;t want &#8212; noise, satellite trails, light pollution&#8230; This process is called stacking, or integrating. It&#8217;s intensive, and might take my computer several hours to complete. The more subs that I put in, the higher quality the <em>integrated image<\/em> that I get out will be. This is why it&#8217;s important to take lots and lots of subs during image acquisition. Add up the times of all the subs and that gives you the total integration time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-jetpack-image-compare\"><div class=\"juxtapose\" data-mode=\"horizontal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-single-sub.jpg\" alt=\"Single 120-second subframe of the Elephant's Trunk Nebula\" width=\"1038\" height=\"691\" class=\"image-compare__image-before\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Elephants-Trunk-integrated.jpg\" alt=\"Integration of 480 Elephant's Trunk Nebula subframes totalling 16 hours\" width=\"1037\" height=\"693\" class=\"image-compare__image-after\"\/><\/div><figcaption>Use the slider to compare a single 120-second single sub (left) to 480 of them integrated &#8212; 16 hours total (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I&#8217;ve spent a long time getting to this stage, but the freshly-integrated image invariably looks disappointing. It still needs a lot of work to really bring the data out, and also combat the noise that remains. <br><br>In general terms, the next processing steps involve taking an integrated image and adjusting lots of criteria such as brightness, contrast, and saturation to bring out details. I&#8217;ll often split the Red Green Blue channels and recombine them in different ways to make interesting colour combinations too. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab5a3b7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab5a3b7\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"651\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI-1024x758.jpg?resize=880%2C651\" alt=\"PixInsight screenshot\" class=\"wp-image-1059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=1024%2C758&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=300%2C222&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=768%2C568&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=1536%2C1137&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=500%2C370&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=800%2C592&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?resize=1280%2C947&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?w=1847&amp;ssl=1 1847w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/PixInsight-UI.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">I do most of my image processing using PixInsight.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I&#8217;lI typically spend a few hours processing an image. There are lots of different methods that can lead to images that look quite different, even though they&#8217;re based on the same original data.<br><br>After all that, the end result will be a single image that can be saved as a JPEG and posted online, or printed and added to the album!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6ab5a8a3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6ab5a8a3\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=880%2C587\" alt=\"IC1396 photographed from a city\" class=\"wp-image-781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=500%2C334&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=800%2C534&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?resize=1920%2C1282&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ElephantTrunkv1forLR-Edit-1.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The final image, after a few hours of processing.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd ,.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd h1,.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd h2,.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd h3,.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd h4,.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd h5,.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_6d5bc0-dd alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_fcde80-bf\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"conclude\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1018_6b9529-c0\">To conclude<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">There are many more little things to consider when astroimaging, but that&#8217;s basically it in general terms. I keep the original data saved on my computer. Image processing is a skill that develops over time, so it&#8217;s always possible to re-process an image a year or two later and get a better result.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_7a0851-20 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_2846be-4b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_2846be-4b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"where-to-buy\">Where to buy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Here&#8217;s some of the key kit I use to take my photos.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/my-astrophotography-kit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here for a complete list.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><em>Affiliate links help support the site at no extra cost to you.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_389ec1-68 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_c6f7b4-bf\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar 130PHQ telescope\" class=\"wp-image-1894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_344e29-fa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_344e29-fa\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Telescope: Askar 130PHQ<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/telescopes\/askar-apochromatic-refractor-ap-130-1000-130phq-ota\/p,77528?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span> <br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/askar-130-mm-f-77-apo-astrograph-ota-130phq?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_b34639-8c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_9cfade-8e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro\" class=\"wp-image-1266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_e5df7e-ba\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Camera: <span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi2600mc-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/astronomical-cameras\/zwo-camera-asi-2600-mc-pro-color\/p,87290?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi2600mc-pro-usb-3-cooled-color-astronomy-camera-2025-asi2600mc-p25?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_138abc-62 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_2cf46f-c1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro equatorial mount with StellarDrive X 6R Pro upgrade set up for astrophotography\" class=\"wp-image-11661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_91d4e6-24\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mount:<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">StellarDrive X 6R PRO<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-stellardrive-x-6r-pro-mount-darkframe-optics\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"11654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/equatorial-with-goto\/skywatcher-mount-eq6-r-pro-synscan-goto\/p,53080?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy EQ6-R PRO from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/sky-watcher-eq6-r-pro-mount-s30300?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy EQ6-R PRO from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><br><em>Rebuilt into a StellarDrive X 6R PRO by DarkFrame Optics.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_b348fd-7a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_a03f58-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_a03f58-71\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider \n\" class=\"wp-image-11634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_00a797-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_00a797-8c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/off-axis-guider\/askar-off-axis-guider-t2-m48-m54\/p,77132?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/askar-off-axis-guider-m54-oag?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi220mm-mini-mono-astronomy-camera-asi220mini?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_dc3d64-0e alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_192650-03{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_192650-03 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_192650-03\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ZWO ASI 220MM Mini \n\" class=\"wp-image-11626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_cbe5d8-01\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">ZWO ASI 220MM Mini<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi-220mm-mini\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"11623\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/astronomical-cameras\/zwo-camera-asi-220-mm-mini-mono\/p,77206?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi220mm-mini-mono-astronomy-camera-asi220mini?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi220mm-mini-mono-astronomy-camera-asi220mini?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_b4bc27-0a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_17f53c-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_17f53c-96\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ASIAIR Plus\" class=\"wp-image-1100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_0cf9cf-c5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Control: ASIAIR Plus<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-asiair-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/controls\/zwo-asiair-plus-256gb\/p,83372?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asiair-plus-wifi-camera-controller-256gb-version?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_278113-d9 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_c911e3-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_c911e3-47\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Optolong L-Quad Enhance\" class=\"wp-image-10948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_5c9d74-49\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Filter: Optolong L-Quad Enhance<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-optolong-l-quad-enhance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/broadband-filters\/optolong-filters-l-quad-enhance-2-\/p,80320?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/optolong-2-l-quad-enhance-filter?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_ead5fb-cf alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_cf5d34-40\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Optolong L-Ultimate\" class=\"wp-image-10949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_b38284-88{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_b38284-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_b38284-88\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Filter: Optolong L-Ultimate<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/uhc-filters\/optolong-filters-l-ultimate-2-\/p,76371?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/optolong-l-ultimate-2-light-pollution-dual-band-filter-lult-200?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1018_f8091a-05 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_e1c5a2-8b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar E2\" class=\"wp-image-10950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1018_70dd82-bf\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Filter: Askar E2<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-colour-magic-e2-sii-oiii-filter-e2-vs-d2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/askar-color-magic-2-e2-sii-and-oiii-filter?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nfd-container nfd-py-lg nfd-theme-dark nfd-bg-surface nfd-wb-text__text-20 engagement-columns ticss-c88d95c9 is-style-nfd-theme-dark wp-block-group has-eighty-black-background-color has-background\" style=\"border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Book a Masterclass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One-on-one online tuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/courses\/#!\/art\/astronomyexperience\/68ee18bfbf3c73843b4c84fc?scope=gallery&amp;headless=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Urban-Astrophotography-online-Masterclass.jpg?resize=880%2C624&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Book an online astrophotography masterclass\" class=\"wp-image-10205\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Art Store<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Own a fine art print from the gallery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/artstore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1318\" height=\"936\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?fit=880%2C625&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Visit the Urban Astrophotography Art Store\" class=\"wp-image-10206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?w=1318&amp;ssl=1 1318w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=300%2C213&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=1024%2C727&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=768%2C545&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=500%2C355&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=800%2C568&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=1280%2C909&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Donate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Help me fight the spam bots!<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\n        .wpedon-container .wpedon-select,\r\n        .wpedon-container .wpedon-input {\r\n            width: 200px;\r\n            min-width: 200px;\r\n            max-width: 200px;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style><div class='wpedon-container wpedon-align-left'><div><br\/><label id=\"wpedon-2012-amount-label\">Donation Amount<\/label><br \/><input type='number' min='1' step='any' name='ddm_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec' class='wpedon-input' value='10.00' \/><script>\r\n                (function(){\r\n                   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wpedonInitManual_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec();\r\n                    }\r\n                })();\r\n            <\/script><br\/><br\/><\/div><form class='wpedon-form wpedon-form-disabled' id='b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec' action='#' method='post'>\t\t<script\r\n\t\t\tsrc='https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/sdk\/js?client-id=Advx1wc_4Se6ICsYnMXTqWntyS0F1VdRHIeWnT2Qgv0nFi6sD86KEM9DSxcG79rq_weHqfs1uClL1xDy&merchant-id=PE8M86N7VP6M6&currency=GBP&intent=capture&components=buttons,funding-eligibility'\r\n\t\t\tdata-partner-attribution-id='WPPlugin_STP_CP'\r\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/script>\r\n\t\t<style>\r\n        .wpedon-paypal-button-container > *,\r\n        .wpedon-paypal-hosted-fields-container .wpedon-paypal-btn,\r\n        .wpedon-form .wpedon-or {\r\n            width: 200px;\r\n            min-width: 200px;\r\n            max-width: 200px;\r\n        }\r\n        .wpedon-paypal-hosted-fields-container .wpedon-paypal-btn {\r\n            height: 40px;\r\n        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Check the plugin settings.' + '<\/span>';\r\n      throw 'An error occurred while connecting PayPal SDK. Check the plugin settings.';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    paypal.getFundingSources().forEach(function (fundingSource) {\r\n      if ( wpedonPaypalFunding.indexOf(fundingSource) > -1 ) {\r\n        const style = {\r\n          shape: 'rect',\r\n          label: 'donate',\r\n          height: 40        };\r\n\r\n        if ( fundingSource !== 'card' ) {\r\n          let color = 'gold';\r\n          if (fundingSource === 'venmo' && color === 'gold') {\r\n            color = 'blue';\r\n          } else if (['ideal', 'bancontact', 'giropay', 'eps', 'sofort', 'mybank', 'p24'].indexOf(fundingSource) > -1 && ['gold', 'blue'].indexOf(color) > -1) {\r\n            color = 'default';\r\n          } else if (fundingSource === 'credit' && ['darkblue', 'black', 'white'].indexOf(color) === -1) {\r\n              color = 'darkblue';\r\n          }\r\n          style.color = color;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        const button = paypal.Buttons({\r\n          fundingSource: fundingSource,\r\n          style: style,\r\n          createOrder: function() {\r\n            message_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec.innerHTML = '';\r\n\r\n            const form = document.getElementById('b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec');\r\n            const formData = new FormData(form);\r\n            formData.append('action', 'wpedon-ppcp-order-create');\r\n            formData.append('nonce', wpedon.nonce);\r\n\r\n            return fetch(wpedon.ajaxUrl, {\r\n              method: 'post',\r\n              body: formData\r\n            }).then(function(response) {\r\n              return response.json();\r\n            }).then(function(data) {\r\n              let orderID = false;\r\n              if (data.success && data.data.order_id) {\r\n                orderID = data.data.order_id;\r\n              } else {\r\n                throw data.data && data.data.message ? data.data.message : 'An unknown error occurred while creating the order. Please reload the page and try again.';\r\n              }\r\n              return orderID;\r\n            });\r\n          },\r\n          onApprove: function(data) {\r\n            const formData = new FormData();\r\n\r\n            formData.append('action', 'wpedon-ppcp-order-finalize');\r\n            formData.append('nonce', wpedon.nonce);\r\n            formData.append('order_id', data.orderID);\r\n\r\n            return fetch(wpedon.ajaxUrl, {\r\n              method: 'post',\r\n              body: formData\r\n            }).then(function(response) {\r\n              return response.json();\r\n            }).then(function(data) {\r\n              if (data.success) {\r\n\t\t\t    var return_url = '';\r\n                if (return_url.length) {\r\n                  window.location.href = return_url;\r\n                } else {\r\n                  message_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec.innerHTML = '<span class=\"payment-success\">' + \r\n                    'The payment was successful' + '<\/span>';\r\n                }\r\n              } else {\r\n                throw data.data.message;\r\n              }\r\n            });\r\n          },\r\n          onCancel: function() {\r\n            if (wpedon.cancel.length && fundingSource !== 'card') {\r\n              window.location.href = wpedon.cancel;\r\n            } else {\r\n              message_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec.innerHTML = '<span class=\"payment-error\">' + \r\n                'The payment was cancelled.' + '<\/span>';\r\n            }\r\n          },\r\n          onError: function (error) {\r\n            message_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec.innerHTML = '<span class=\"payment-error\">' + (error ? error : '<strong>Site admin<\/strong>, an error was detected in the plugin settings.<\/br>Please check the PayPal connection and product settings (price, name, etc.)') + '<\/span>';\r\n          }\r\n        });\r\n\r\n        if (button.isEligible()) {\r\n          button.render('#wpedon-paypal-button-container-b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec');\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    });\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t<input type='hidden' name='amount' id='amount_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec' value='10.00' \/><input type='hidden' name='price' id='price_b7a5d93254b06ff8039041ed8fd062ec' value='10.00' \/><input type='hidden' name='item_number' value='UrbanAstrophotography' \/><input type='hidden' name='item_name' value='Urban Astrophotography donation' \/><input type='hidden' name='name' value='Urban Astrophotography donation' \/><input type='hidden' name='custom' value='2012'><input type='hidden' name='no_shipping' value='1'><input type='hidden' name='no_note' value='1'><input type='hidden' name='currency_code' value='GBP'><\/form><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/leepullenphotography\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 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