{"id":1182,"date":"2021-09-27T14:49:20","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T14:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/?p=1182"},"modified":"2026-09-19T07:46:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T07:46:25","slug":"diy-flats-panel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/diy-flats-panel\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY Flat Panel for Astrophotography: Build Your Own Flats Light"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>body.ua-editorial-page{background:#101315;color:#e8edef}body.ua-editorial-page #page{overflow:clip!important}body.ua-editorial-page #content>.wrapper,body.ua-editorial-page #primary,body.ua-editorial-page .singular-content-wrap{width:100%;max-width:none;padding-inline:0}.ua-editorial-post>.entry-header{display:none}.ua-editorial-post>.entry-content{max-width:1360px;margin:auto!important;padding:28px clamp(18px,3.2vw,44px) 56px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#e8edef}.ua-editorial-post .entry-content 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electricity.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/how-to-use-mains-power-for-your-asiair-plus\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/MainsPower_1x1.jpg\"},\"1745\":{\"title\":\"Askar 130PHQ\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/MyAstroKit_1x1.jpg\"},\"1747\":{\"title\":\"Dualband Filter Shootout\",\"copy\":\"Compare L-eXtreme, L-Ultimate and Colour Magic 6nm filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dualband-shootout.jpg\"},\"1752\":{\"title\":\"Eagle Image Stacker\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the image-stacking software.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-eagle-image-stacker\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EagleImageStacker_1x1.jpg\"},\"1754\":{\"title\":\"William Optics 50mm Guidescope\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the ROTO Lock guidescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-william-optics-50mm-guidescope-with-1-25-roto-lock\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WOGuidescope_1x1.jpg\"},\"1834\":{\"title\":\"Talks and Presentations\",\"copy\":\"Explore my talks about astrophotography and the night sky.\",\"kind\":\"About\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/talks\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Talks_1x1.jpg\"},\"1852\":{\"title\":\"Framing Custom Targets With ASIAIR\",\"copy\":\"Plan the framing of your next astrophotography target.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/asiair-guide-how-to-frame-custom-targets\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CustomFraming_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"1958\":{\"title\":\"Askar Colour Magic D1 & D2\",\"copy\":\"Explore my tests of the Ha\/OIII and SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-askar-colour-magic-d1-and-d2-duo-band-filters-ha-oiii-sii-oiii\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/AskarD1D2_1x1.jpg\"},\"2132\":{\"title\":\"Reprocessing Bonanza\",\"copy\":\"Compare before-and-after results from revisiting older images.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/reprocessing-bonanza-2022-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Reprocessing_Bonanza_2022_icon.jpg\"},\"2274\":{\"title\":\"The Astrophotography Planner\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the custom digital edition.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-the-astrophotography-planner-custom-digital-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/AstrophotographyPlanner_1x1.jpg\"},\"2346\":{\"title\":\"BlurXTerminator\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the image-processing tool.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-blurxterminator\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BlurXTerminator_1x1.jpg\"},\"2544\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight Pre-Processing Guide\",\"copy\":\"Work through calibration, registration and image integration.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-pre-processing\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/PixInsight-Guide-to-Preprocessing.jpg\"},\"2915\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Seestar S50\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the smart telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-seestar-s50\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Seestar-UA-res-1x1-1.jpg\"},\"2953\":{\"title\":\"Seestar for Public Outreach\",\"copy\":\"Explore ideas for using a Seestar at astronomy events.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-to-using-a-seestar-s50-for-public-outreach\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Simple.jpg\"},\"3005\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Camera Repair Guide\",\"copy\":\"Follow my experience of sending a camera from the UK to China.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/zwo-rma-sending-a-broken-camera-from-the-uk-to-china-for-repairs\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Oil-leak-2-1.jpg\"},\"3025\":{\"title\":\"Optolong L-Quad Enhance\",\"copy\":\"Explore my tests of the light-pollution filter.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-optolong-l-quad-enhance\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LQEF.jpeg\"},\"3151\":{\"title\":\"Choosing a Filter for an OSC Camera\",\"copy\":\"Explore broadband and narrowband filter choices.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-which-filter-should-i-use-with-my-osc-camera\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/001-March-19-2024-FilterChoice_1x1-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.jpg\"},\"3180\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight IntegerResample\",\"copy\":\"Read about when to bin your astrophotography data.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-integerresample-knowing-when-to-bin-your-data\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/IntegerResample_1x1.jpg\"},\"5424\":{\"title\":\"Askar E2 vs D2\",\"copy\":\"Compare the two SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-colour-magic-e2-sii-oiii-filter-e2-vs-d2\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/v2_E2_starless-3.jpg\"},\"9780\":{\"title\":\"Immersed in Starlight\",\"copy\":\"Explore my astrophotography exhibition.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/exhibition-immersed-in-starlight\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Immersed_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"11623\":{\"title\":\"ZWO ASI 220MM Mini\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the guide camera.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi-220mm-mini\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO220MMUAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11624\":{\"title\":\"Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider\",\"copy\":\"Explore the off-axis guider in my setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-m54-off-axis-guider\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AskarOAG_UAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11654\":{\"title\":\"StellarDrive X 6R PRO\",\"copy\":\"See how the mount performs in my imaging setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-stellardrive-x-6r-pro-mount-darkframe-optics\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/001-Stellardrive-UAres_1x1-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp\"},\"13036\":{\"title\":\"Svbony SV535\",\"copy\":\"Explore my review of the 105mm f\/2.8 astrograph.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-svbony-sv535-105mm-f-2-8-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Svbony535_UAres_1x1.webp\"}},map={\"216\":[1258,3151,325],\"314\":[11654,11624,1258],\"317\":[1018,2544,2274],\"320\":[314,1018,1834],\"325\":[1096,1661,2274],\"327\":[3025,3151,1747],\"425\":[314,11654,2346],\"899\":[9780,320,1834],\"957\":[2544,3180,2346],\"1018\":[314,216,3151],\"1096\":[1661,1852,325],\"1182\":[2544,425,314],\"1236\":[314,1661,325],\"1258\":[216,3151,3005],\"1299\":[1745,13036,1381],\"1350\":[216,3180,425],\"1381\":[1400,1754,11624],\"1400\":[11623,1381,1754],\"1444\":[2544,2346,3180],\"1661\":[1096,314,325],\"1745\":[1299,13036,11624],\"1747\":[1958,5424,3151],\"1752\":[2544,1444,2132],\"1754\":[1381,11623,11624],\"1834\":[9780,2953,320],\"1852\":[1096,2274,2953],\"1958\":[5424,1747,3151],\"2132\":[2346,1444,2544],\"2274\":[1852,325,1018],\"2346\":[1444,3180,2132],\"2544\":[1444,1182,3180],\"2610\":[1958,5424,2544],\"2915\":[2953,1018,1852],\"2953\":[2915,1834,1018],\"3005\":[1258,11623,314],\"3025\":[327,3151,1747],\"3151\":[1747,3025,1958],\"3180\":[2544,2346,1258],\"5424\":[1958,1747,3151],\"9780\":[1834,899,320],\"11623\":[11624,1400,11654],\"11624\":[11623,1754,11654],\"11654\":[11624,11623,314],\"13036\":[1299,1745,1258]},id=post.id.replace('post-',''),items=map[id];if(!items)return;const section=document.createElement('section');section.id='related-content';section.className='ua-related-content';section.setAttribute('aria-labelledby','ua-related-heading');const heading=document.createElement('h2');heading.id='ua-related-heading';heading.textContent='Related content';const grid=document.createElement('div');grid.className='ua-related-grid';section.append(heading,grid);items.forEach(key=>{const item=cards[key],a=document.createElement('a'),img=document.createElement('img'),body=document.createElement('div'),kind=document.createElement('span'),title=document.createElement('h3'),copy=document.createElement('p'),more=document.createElement('span');a.className='ua-related-link';a.href=item.href;img.src=item.src;img.alt='';img.loading='lazy';img.decoding='async';img.width=800;img.height=600;body.className='ua-related-copy';kind.className='ua-related-kind';kind.textContent=item.kind;title.textContent=item.title;copy.textContent=id==='11623'&&key===1400?'Read my review of the other guide camera in the comparison.':item.copy;more.className='ua-related-more';more.textContent=item.kind==='Review'?'Read review \u2192':item.kind==='Article'?'Read article \u2192':'Explore \u2192';body.append(kind,title,copy,more);a.append(img,body);grid.append(a)});const footer=root.querySelector('.ua-editorial-footer');if(footer)footer.before(section);else root.append(section);post.closest('main')?.querySelector('nav.post-navigation')?.remove();}if(document.readyState==='loading')document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',addRelated);else addRelated();})();<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"ua-editorial-config\">{\"id\": 1182, \"kind\": \"Articles\", \"route\": \"articles\", \"main\": [[0, \"Introduction\"], [1, \"2023 update\"], [2, \"Flat frames\"], [3, \"Materials\"], [4, \"Assembly\"], [5, \"Finished panel\"]], \"insert\": [], \"rollout\": true}<\/script>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull wp-duotone-unset-1\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1190 size-full\" alt=\"DIY flats panel being used with an Askar FRA400 telescope\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-eighty-black-background-color has-background-dim-60 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xxl, 4rem);font-style:normal;text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7\"]{text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7\"]{text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_38c37c-c7\"><strong>DIY Flat Panel for Astrophotography: <\/strong><br><strong>Build Your Own Flats Light<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73\"]{text-align:center;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-family:Oxygen;text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73\"]{text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73\"]{text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_9fe9e2-73\">First published September 2021<br>Last updated January 2026<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1182_611f92-17 .kt-block-spacer{height:6px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1182_611f92-17 .kt-divider{border-top-width:2px;border-top-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.60);width:30%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-1182_611f92-17\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(30% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1182_9dc6e8-94 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"intro\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_bfe771-86 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_bfe771-86\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1182_d5ce65-41{padding-top:6px;gap:3px;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1182_d5ce65-41 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1182_d5ce65-41{justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"toc-rail wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1182_d5ce65-41\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button{color:#ffffff;background:#363636;font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:#363636;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_750ec2-24.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1182_750ec2-24 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#intro\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\"><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1182_8197b4-a5 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#update\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Update, Jan 2023<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1182_76df1d-cd kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#what-are-flats\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">What are Flats?<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1182_442ef7-9b kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#you-will-need\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">You will need<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_004e70-50.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1182_004e70-50 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#putting-it-all-together\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Putting it all together<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1182_88f974-cd.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1182_88f974-cd kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#hey-presto\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Hey presto<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_c14621-28{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_c14621-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_c14621-28\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7f3765-c4\">Intro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Flats are an essential part of astrophotography calibration, helping to correct dust shadows, vignetting, and uneven illumination. While commercial flats panels are convenient, they can also be expensive. In this guide, I show how to make a cheap, simple, and effective DIY flats panel using readily available materials, offering a reliable alternative for home astrophotography setups.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed ,.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed h1,.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed h2,.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed h3,.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed h4,.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed h5,.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1182_98e2eb-ed alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_ada13c-a4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"update\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_17826f-a3\">Update, Jan 2023<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After I bought my new <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Askar 130PHQ<\/a> telescope, I needed a bigger Flats panel. I took the advice of Kurt, who left a comment on this article recommending tracing lights widely available on Amazon as an effective but cheap Flats panels. It works well! I&#8217;ll leave the instructions for a DIY Flats panel here though, in case anyone does want to make one for themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b22d0d1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b22d0d1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"LED tracing panel being used with an Askar 130PHQ telescope\" class=\"wp-image-2414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel-2.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b22d69a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b22d69a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Close-up of LED tracing panel being used with an Askar 130PHQ telescope\" class=\"wp-image-2415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Tracing_flats_panel.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" 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2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 ,.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 h1,.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 h2,.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 h3,.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 h4,.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 h5,.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1182_eac2f5-f1 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_ae550c-a9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"what-are-flats\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_c4a41f-8e\">What are Flats?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flats are a type of calibration frame that help to correct for any dust on your camera sensor, as well as vignetting around a photo&#8217;s corners. They improve the quality of your final image, but there&#8217;s no denying that they&#8217;re a hassle to take.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b22e147&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b22e147\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"589\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=880%2C589\" alt=\"Example flat frame\" class=\"wp-image-1053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?w=1039&amp;ssl=1 1039w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=1024%2C686&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=768%2C514&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=500%2C335&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Flat.jpg?resize=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is a Flat. Notice vignetting around the corners, and a circular dust spot on the left? Flats will calibrate those out of your image.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beginner astroimagers often use a technique called &#8220;t-shirt flats&#8221;, where you attach a white t-shirt, pulled tight, over the front of your telescope. During twilight you point your telescope at the sky and capture your Flat frames. It does work, but needs to be done when the sky&#8217;s brightness is at just the right level. You&#8217;ll also get very strange looks from the neighbours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b22e77c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b22e77c\" class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"White t-shirt pulled over the front of an Askar FRA400 telescope\" class=\"wp-image-1191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0987-PULLEN-2.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">T-shirt flats in action! <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A modified version involves using a laptop or tablet screen as a light source, or perhaps an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/gp\/product\/B08LV43CM2\/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o08_s00?ie=UTF8&amp;psc=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">artists&#8217; light box<\/a> &#8212; all valid options. Astroimagers with plenty of cash to splash may buy a proper Flat Field Generator, but these tend to be quite expensive for what I&#8217;d always thought should be a fairly simple piece of kit. Surely it&#8217;s possible to build your own Flats Panel for about 30 quid? Spoiler alert: yes it is.<br><br>I&#8217;m certainly not the first person to make a DIY Flats Panel. There are a few designs out there, and I&#8217;m not saying that mine is the best; just that I found it easy to make and effective in use. My DIY skills are more at the duct tape than soldering iron side of the spectrum, so if I can make this, you can too.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 ,.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 h1,.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 h2,.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 h3,.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 h4,.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 h5,.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1182_593bde-93 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_1974ba-d2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"you-will-need\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7e83f8-e5\">You will need<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Electroluminescent (EL) panel, with power source<br>* MDF for the back<br>* Double-sided tape<br>* Duct tape<br>* Velcro or glue<br>* Elastic bands<br>* White paper<br><br>The EL panel is something you&#8217;ll need to source, but it shouldn&#8217;t be too difficult to find a supplier local to you. I&#8217;m in the UK, and used <a href=\"https:\/\/elwirecraft.co.uk\/el-panel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EL Wire Craft<\/a>. You&#8217;ll want a panel that can display white light, and is comfortably larger that your telescope aperture. I.e. it can completely cover the front of your telescope, with some room spare. I went for this <a href=\"https:\/\/elwirecraft.co.uk\/product\/el-panel-13cm-x-13cm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13cm x 13cm panel<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elwirecraft.co.uk\/product\/el-panel-13cm-x-13cm\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"847\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flats-Panel-ELWireCraft.jpg?resize=847%2C536\" alt=\"Screenshot of EL Wire Craft online shop\" class=\"wp-image-1192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flats-Panel-ELWireCraft.jpg?w=847&amp;ssl=1 847w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flats-Panel-ELWireCraft.jpg?resize=300%2C190&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flats-Panel-ELWireCraft.jpg?resize=768%2C486&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flats-Panel-ELWireCraft.jpg?resize=500%2C316&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flats-Panel-ELWireCraft.jpg?resize=800%2C506&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You&#8217;ll have the option to choose a power source (called &#8220;driver type&#8221;). I chose &#8220;car lighter attachment&#8221; meaning it can be powered via a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.firstlightoptics.com\/astronomy-cables-leads-accessories\/lynx-astro-mount-power-cable-for-sky-watcher-mounts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lynx Astro cable<\/a> for consistency with my other astro kit. With hindsight, I think I&#8217;d recommend AA batteries as they&#8217;re a bit more convenient. It&#8217;s down to how you run your set-up.<br><br>Next, you&#8217;ll want something hard for the backing. I bought a square of MDF from eBay. You could do the same, or you might have something lying around already. It should be at least as big as your EL panel, and a bit bigger is a-ok.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c ,.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c h1,.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c h2,.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c h3,.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c h4,.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c h5,.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1182_3e9c05-5c alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_cb6523-e2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"putting-it-all-together\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_db4199-6d\">Putting it all together<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you&#8217;ve got these ingredients, use double-sided tape to attach the EL panel to your MDF board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b22fb55&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b22fb55\" class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"Close-up of EL panel attached to MDF\" class=\"wp-image-1193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/001-September-27-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_1006-PULLEN.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The EL panel attached to MDF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then you can use duct tape to cover any loose electronics on the back. To attach the power unit, I used some Velcro strips. Glue would also be fine if you&#8217;re confident you&#8217;ll never want to remove it!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b2300bc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b2300bc\" class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"Rear view of DIY flats panel, showing the power driver\" class=\"wp-image-1184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8193.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The panel&#8217;s back. The black box is the power driver I chose.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then you&#8217;ll want to cut some sheets of A4 paper to be just little bigger than the EL panel. These will be useful for the next step, which is&#8230;<br><br>&#8230;testing your new DIY Flats Panel! Hold it in front of your telescope, pushing it flat and tight to ensure a good seal, and take some test shots. Adjust your camera&#8217;s exposure length as necessary; you&#8217;re aiming for your image&#8217;s histogram to be peaking around the middle, or slightly to the right. Place the sheets of A4 paper in front of the EL panel, held in place by elastic bands, to dim it down if necessary. I use five sheets of paper. If you&#8217;re using an <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-asiair-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ASIAIR Pro \/ Plus<\/a>, it has an Auto Flats function that takes the guesswork out of getting the right exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b2307bb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b2307bb\" class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"The finished Flats Panel, complete with paper.\" class=\"wp-image-1183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC_8191.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The finished Flats Panel, complete with paper.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tip: you don&#8217;t want your Flats Panel to be too bright, otherwise you might get some internal reflections off your dewshield or inside the telescope itself. These will cause brighter patches in your Flats. Use enough sheets of paper so your exposures are at least a few seconds long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6b230e54&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6b230e54\" class=\"is-style-default wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"DIY flats panel being used with an Askar FRA400 telescope\" class=\"wp-image-1190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/002-September-26-2021-Urban-Astrophotography-Flats-DSC_0991-PULLEN-2.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 ,.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 h1,.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 h2,.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 h3,.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 h4,.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 h5,.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1182_1d51af-c7 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1182_9ff0a5-71\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"hey-presto\" class=\"kt-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1182_7741d5-4e\">Hey presto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">You&#8217;ve now got a DIY Flats Panel! Enjoy (tolerate) taking Flats and get consistent results at any time that&#8217;s convenient for you. (You&#8217;ll still get odd looks from the neighbours, though).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nfd-container nfd-py-lg nfd-theme-dark nfd-bg-surface nfd-wb-text__text-20 engagement-columns ticss-c88d95c9 is-style-nfd-theme-dark wp-block-group has-eighty-black-background-color has-background\" style=\"border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Book a Masterclass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One-on-one online tuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/courses\/#!\/art\/astronomyexperience\/68ee18bfbf3c73843b4c84fc?scope=gallery&amp;headless=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Urban-Astrophotography-online-Masterclass.jpg?resize=880%2C624&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Book an online astrophotography masterclass\" class=\"wp-image-10205\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Art Store<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Own a fine art print from the gallery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/artstore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1318\" height=\"936\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?fit=880%2C625&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Visit the Urban Astrophotography Art Store\" class=\"wp-image-10206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?w=1318&amp;ssl=1 1318w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=300%2C213&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=1024%2C727&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=768%2C545&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=500%2C355&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=800%2C568&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=1280%2C909&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Donate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Help me fight the spam bots!<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\n        .wpedon-container .wpedon-select,\r\n        .wpedon-container .wpedon-input {\r\n            width: 200px;\r\n            min-width: 200px;\r\n            max-width: 200px;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style><div class='wpedon-container wpedon-align-left'><div><br\/><label id=\"wpedon-2012-amount-label\">Donation Amount<\/label><br \/><input type='number' min='1' step='any' name='ddm_f826179b7ff055b4d3ed576c61641449' class='wpedon-input' value='10.00' \/><script>\r\n                (function(){\r\n                    function wpedonInitManual_f826179b7ff055b4d3ed576c61641449(){\r\n                        var input = document.querySelector('[name=\"ddm_f826179b7ff055b4d3ed576c61641449\"]');\r\n                        if (!input) { return; 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