{"id":320,"date":"2021-06-14T08:27:52","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T08:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/?p=320"},"modified":"2026-09-19T21:36:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T21:36:05","slug":"overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/overview\/","title":{"rendered":"The story behind Urban Astrophotography"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>body.ua-editorial-page{background:#101315;color:#e8edef}body.ua-editorial-page #page{overflow:clip!important}body.ua-editorial-page #content>.wrapper,body.ua-editorial-page #primary,body.ua-editorial-page .singular-content-wrap{width:100%;max-width:none;padding-inline:0}.ua-editorial-post>.entry-header{display:none}.ua-editorial-post>.entry-content{max-width:1360px;margin:auto!important;padding:28px clamp(18px,3.2vw,44px) 56px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#e8edef}.ua-editorial-post .entry-content 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ASI 2600MC Pro\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with this colour astronomy camera.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi2600mc-pro\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2600MCPro_1x1.jpg\"},\"1299\":{\"title\":\"Askar FRA400\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the wide-field astrograph.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-fra400-f-5-6-quintuplet-apo-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/001-November-03-2021-Askar-FRA400-DSC_2747-PULLEN.jpg\"},\"1350\":{\"title\":\"10 Controversial Opinions\",\"copy\":\"Explore my views on astrophotography processing and gear.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/10-controversial-opinions\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/003-March-06-2021-Pier-web-resolution-DSC_6935-PULLEN.jpg\"},\"1381\":{\"title\":\"William Optics 32mm Uniguide\",\"copy\":\"Explore this compact 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electricity.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/how-to-use-mains-power-for-your-asiair-plus\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/MainsPower_1x1.jpg\"},\"1745\":{\"title\":\"Askar 130PHQ\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/MyAstroKit_1x1.jpg\"},\"1747\":{\"title\":\"Dualband Filter Shootout\",\"copy\":\"Compare L-eXtreme, L-Ultimate and Colour Magic 6nm filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dualband-shootout.jpg\"},\"1752\":{\"title\":\"Eagle Image Stacker\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the image-stacking software.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-eagle-image-stacker\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EagleImageStacker_1x1.jpg\"},\"1754\":{\"title\":\"William Optics 50mm Guidescope\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the ROTO Lock guidescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-william-optics-50mm-guidescope-with-1-25-roto-lock\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WOGuidescope_1x1.jpg\"},\"1834\":{\"title\":\"Talks and Presentations\",\"copy\":\"Explore my talks about astrophotography and the night sky.\",\"kind\":\"About\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/talks\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Talks_1x1.jpg\"},\"1852\":{\"title\":\"Framing Custom Targets With ASIAIR\",\"copy\":\"Plan the framing of your next astrophotography target.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/asiair-guide-how-to-frame-custom-targets\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CustomFraming_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"1958\":{\"title\":\"Askar Colour Magic D1 & D2\",\"copy\":\"Explore my tests of the Ha\/OIII and SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-askar-colour-magic-d1-and-d2-duo-band-filters-ha-oiii-sii-oiii\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/AskarD1D2_1x1.jpg\"},\"2132\":{\"title\":\"Reprocessing Bonanza\",\"copy\":\"Compare before-and-after results from revisiting older images.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/reprocessing-bonanza-2022-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Reprocessing_Bonanza_2022_icon.jpg\"},\"2274\":{\"title\":\"The Astrophotography Planner\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the custom digital edition.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-the-astrophotography-planner-custom-digital-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/AstrophotographyPlanner_1x1.jpg\"},\"2346\":{\"title\":\"BlurXTerminator\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the image-processing tool.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-blurxterminator\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BlurXTerminator_1x1.jpg\"},\"2544\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight Pre-Processing Guide\",\"copy\":\"Work through calibration, registration and image integration.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-pre-processing\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/PixInsight-Guide-to-Preprocessing.jpg\"},\"2915\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Seestar S50\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the smart telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-seestar-s50\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Seestar-UA-res-1x1-1.jpg\"},\"2953\":{\"title\":\"Seestar for Public Outreach\",\"copy\":\"Explore ideas for using a Seestar at astronomy events.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-to-using-a-seestar-s50-for-public-outreach\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Simple.jpg\"},\"3005\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Camera Repair Guide\",\"copy\":\"Follow my experience of sending a camera from the UK to China.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/zwo-rma-sending-a-broken-camera-from-the-uk-to-china-for-repairs\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Oil-leak-2-1.jpg\"},\"3025\":{\"title\":\"Optolong L-Quad Enhance\",\"copy\":\"Explore my tests of the light-pollution filter.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-optolong-l-quad-enhance\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LQEF.jpeg\"},\"3151\":{\"title\":\"Choosing a Filter for an OSC Camera\",\"copy\":\"Explore broadband and narrowband filter choices.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-which-filter-should-i-use-with-my-osc-camera\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/001-March-19-2024-FilterChoice_1x1-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.jpg\"},\"3180\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight IntegerResample\",\"copy\":\"Read about when to bin your astrophotography data.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-integerresample-knowing-when-to-bin-your-data\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/IntegerResample_1x1.jpg\"},\"5424\":{\"title\":\"Askar E2 vs D2\",\"copy\":\"Compare the two SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-colour-magic-e2-sii-oiii-filter-e2-vs-d2\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/v2_E2_starless-3.jpg\"},\"9780\":{\"title\":\"Immersed in Starlight\",\"copy\":\"Explore my astrophotography exhibition.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/exhibition-immersed-in-starlight\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Immersed_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"11623\":{\"title\":\"ZWO ASI 220MM Mini\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the guide camera.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi-220mm-mini\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO220MMUAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11624\":{\"title\":\"Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider\",\"copy\":\"Explore the off-axis guider in my setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-m54-off-axis-guider\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AskarOAG_UAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11654\":{\"title\":\"StellarDrive X 6R PRO\",\"copy\":\"See how the mount performs in my imaging setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-stellardrive-x-6r-pro-mount-darkframe-optics\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/001-Stellardrive-UAres_1x1-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp\"},\"13036\":{\"title\":\"Svbony SV535\",\"copy\":\"Explore my review of the 105mm f\/2.8 astrograph.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-svbony-sv535-105mm-f-2-8-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Svbony535_UAres_1x1.webp\"}},map={\"216\":[1258,3151,325],\"314\":[11654,11624,1258],\"317\":[1018,2544,2274],\"320\":[314,1018,1834],\"325\":[1096,1661,2274],\"327\":[3025,3151,1747],\"425\":[314,11654,2346],\"899\":[9780,320,1834],\"957\":[2544,3180,2346],\"1018\":[314,216,3151],\"1096\":[1661,1852,325],\"1182\":[2544,425,314],\"1236\":[314,1661,325],\"1258\":[216,3151,3005],\"1299\":[1745,13036,1381],\"1350\":[216,3180,425],\"1381\":[1400,1754,11624],\"1400\":[11623,1381,1754],\"1444\":[2544,2346,3180],\"1661\":[1096,314,325],\"1745\":[1299,13036,11624],\"1747\":[1958,5424,3151],\"1752\":[2544,1444,2132],\"1754\":[1381,11623,11624],\"1834\":[9780,2953,320],\"1852\":[1096,2274,2953],\"1958\":[5424,1747,3151],\"2132\":[2346,1444,2544],\"2274\":[1852,325,1018],\"2346\":[1444,3180,2132],\"2544\":[1444,1182,3180],\"2610\":[1958,5424,2544],\"2915\":[2953,1018,1852],\"2953\":[2915,1834,1018],\"3005\":[1258,11623,314],\"3025\":[327,3151,1747],\"3151\":[1747,3025,1958],\"3180\":[2544,2346,1258],\"5424\":[1958,1747,3151],\"9780\":[1834,899,320],\"11623\":[11624,1400,11654],\"11624\":[11623,1754,11654],\"11654\":[11624,11623,314],\"13036\":[1299,1745,1258]},id=post.id.replace('post-',''),items=map[id];if(!items)return;const section=document.createElement('section');section.id='related-content';section.className='ua-related-content';section.setAttribute('aria-labelledby','ua-related-heading');const heading=document.createElement('h2');heading.id='ua-related-heading';heading.textContent='Related content';const grid=document.createElement('div');grid.className='ua-related-grid';section.append(heading,grid);items.forEach(key=>{const item=cards[key],a=document.createElement('a'),img=document.createElement('img'),body=document.createElement('div'),kind=document.createElement('span'),title=document.createElement('h3'),copy=document.createElement('p'),more=document.createElement('span');a.className='ua-related-link';a.href=item.href;img.src=item.src;img.alt='';img.loading='lazy';img.decoding='async';img.width=800;img.height=600;body.className='ua-related-copy';kind.className='ua-related-kind';kind.textContent=item.kind;title.textContent=item.title;copy.textContent=id==='11623'&&key===1400?'Read my review of the other guide camera in the comparison.':item.copy;more.className='ua-related-more';more.textContent=item.kind==='Review'?'Read review \u2192':item.kind==='Article'?'Read article \u2192':'Explore \u2192';body.append(kind,title,copy,more);a.append(img,body);grid.append(a)});const footer=root.querySelector('.ua-editorial-footer');if(footer)footer.before(section);else root.append(section);post.closest('main')?.querySelector('nav.post-navigation')?.remove();}if(document.readyState==='loading')document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',addRelated);else addRelated();})();<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"ua-editorial-config\">{\"kind\":\"About\",\"route\":\"about\",\"main\":[[0,\"From a back garden to the cosmos!\"],[1,\"The story\"],[2,\"Explore\"],[3,\"About Lee\"],[4,\"Affiliates\"]],\"id\":320}<\/script>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:440px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"495\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-2880 size-full\" alt=\"The glowing gas and dark dust of the Cygnus Wall, photographed from Bristol\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=880%2C495&#038;ssl=1\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=500%2C281&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?resize=1280%2C720&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-40 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The story behind Urban Astrophotography<\/h1>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ua-overview-story\">\n<section class=\"ua-overview-opening\">\n<div><h3 id=\"from-the-garden\">From a back garden to the cosmos!<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ua-overview-lead\">Hello, my name is Lee and I&#8217;m the Urban Astrophotographer. I take pictures of the night sky from my back garden in Bristol, a light-polluted (and often cloudy city) in the UK.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"An Askar 130PHQ telescope set up between neighbouring houses in a Bristol back garden at night\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>The starting point: my telescope in the back garden.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ua-overview-copy ua-overview-story-row\"><div class=\"ua-overview-story-text\"><h3 id=\"the-story\">The story<\/h3>\n<p>I began experimenting with astrophotography in 2005, starting with a DSLR and tripod before moving on to telescopes and <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/my-astrophotography-kit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dedicated astronomy cameras<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For a while, I used a monochrome camera and separate filters. As family life became busier, however, I had less time for such a complicated setup. I eventually sold my equipment and started from scratch, looking for a simpler way to photograph the night sky without sacrificing the results I wanted. I discovered that a <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/osc-vs-mono-from-a-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one-shot colour camera<\/a> allowed me to achieve good results, while spending more time enjoying the process!<\/p>\n<p>Photographing from Bristol means working beneath skies affected by dense light pollution. I\u2019ve found that collecting plenty of <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/how-to-get-long-integration-times\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">integration time<\/a>, choosing <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/guide-which-filter-should-i-use-with-my-osc-camera\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">suitable filters<\/a>, and processing the data carefully can still reveal the deep cosmos, even from the middle of a city.<\/p>\n<p>I created Urban Astrophotography in 2021 to showcase my work and help other astrophotographers in towns and cities see what\u2019s possible. The astrophotography community is remarkably generous when it comes to sharing knowledge and experience. I\u2019ve learned a great deal from the people at <a href=\"https:\/\/stargazerslounge.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Stargazers Lounge<\/a>, and I recommend joining the forum to anyone interested in developing their astrophotography.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"ua-overview-finish\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-Lion-Nebula-%E2%80%94-high-resolution.jpg?fit=1536%2C986&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"The Lion Nebula (Sh2-132), photographed from Bristol\" width=\"1536\" height=\"986\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>The end point: a real photo showing a nebula in deep space.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/section>\n<section class=\"ua-overview-explore\"><h3 id=\"explore\">Where would you like to start?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ua-overview-cards\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/targets\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/CygnusWallHeader_1920.jpg?w=880&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><strong>Explore the photographs<\/strong><p>Nebulae, galaxies, star clusters, and more, with the story behind each image.<\/p><span>Browse targets \u2192<\/span><\/div><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/how-do-you-take-those-photos\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/HowDo_1x1.jpg?w=880&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><strong>Follow the process<\/strong><p>See how a night of collecting light becomes a finished deep-sky photograph.<\/p><span>Start with the guide \u2192<\/span><\/div><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/my-astrophotography-kit\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/MyAstroKit_1x1.jpg?w=880&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><strong>Look at the equipment<\/strong><p>Explore the telescopes, cameras, and accessories that make up my setups.<\/p><span>Explore my kit \u2192<\/span><\/div><\/a>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ua-overview-copy\"><h3 id=\"meet-lee\">About Lee<\/h3>\n<p>I\u2019m Lee Pullen, a <a href=\"https:\/\/leepullenphotography.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">photographer<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/leepullensciencecommunication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">science communicator<\/a> based in Bristol. Astrophotography brings those two interests together: making images and sharing the science behind what we see.<\/p><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n#post-320 .ua-overview-story{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-opening{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:clamp(24px,4vw,56px);align-items:center;margin:58px 0 74px}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-opening figure{margin:0;min-width:0}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-opening img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:4px}\n#post-320 .entry-content .ua-overview-opening figcaption{text-align:left}\n#post-320 .entry-content .ua-overview-lead{font-size:21px;line-height:1.65}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-copy{max-width:780px;margin:64px auto}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-finish{margin:0;min-width:0}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-story-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(24px,4vw,56px);align-items:start;max-width:none}\n#post-320 .ua-overview-story-text{min-width:0}\n#post-320 .entry-content 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.kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab ,.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab h1,.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab h2,.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab h3,.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab h4,.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab h5,.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id320_20a2e8-ab alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column320_e13bee-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column320_e13bee-a6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading320_7084ac-40\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading320_7084ac-40\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading320_7084ac-40\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"background\" class=\"kt-adv-heading320_7084ac-40 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading320_7084ac-40\">Affiliates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">I&#8217;m an affiliate for Astroshop.eu, High Point Scientific, and Svbony. Using these affiliate links helps support the site at no extra cost to you.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.astroshop.eu\/banner\/100\/en\/as-eu-logo_468x156.jpg?w=880&#038;ssl=1\" border=\"0\" alt=\"telescope at astroshop\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/02-03-22-02-59-59_HPSLogo2.0-white2.webp?resize=468%2C217&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"High Point Scientific logo\" class=\"wp-image-10986\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/02-03-22-02-59-59_HPSLogo2.0-white2.webp?w=468&amp;ssl=1 468w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/02-03-22-02-59-59_HPSLogo2.0-white2.webp?resize=300%2C139&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"ua-svbony-affiliate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.svbony.com\/?ref=UrbanAstrophotography&amp;utm_source=goaffpro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\" aria-label=\"Shop at Svbony using Lee's affiliate link (opens in a new tab)\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/res.svbony.com\/s_file\/20260907\/svbony-logo-w_20260907113330_8573.svg\" alt=\"Svbony logo\" loading=\"lazy\">\n  <span>Astronomy equipment and accessories<\/span>\n  <small>Buying the SV535? Use code <b>Lee20<\/b> for a $20 discount.<\/small>\n<\/a>\n<style>\n#post-320 .ua-svbony-affiliate{box-sizing:border-box;width:min(100%,468px);min-height:156px;margin:22px auto 0;padding:24px 30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;background:#151a1d;border:1px solid #343b3f;border-radius:3px;text-align:center;text-decoration:none!important;color:#edf0f2!important;transition:border-color .18s ease,transform .18s ease}\n#post-320 .ua-svbony-affiliate:hover{border-color:#efad84;transform:translateY(-2px)}\n#post-320 .entry-content .ua-svbony-affiliate img{display:block;width:min(100%,260px);height:auto;max-height:60px;object-fit:contain;margin:0 auto 5px}\n#post-320 .entry-content .ua-svbony-affiliate span{font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;color:#bac2c6!important}\n#post-320 .entry-content .ua-svbony-affiliate small{font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;color:#9d4218!important}\n<\/style>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nfd-container nfd-py-lg nfd-theme-dark nfd-bg-surface nfd-wb-text__text-20 engagement-columns ticss-c88d95c9 is-style-nfd-theme-dark wp-block-group has-eighty-black-background-color has-background\" style=\"border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Book a Masterclass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One-on-one online tuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/courses\/#!\/art\/astronomyexperience\/68ee18bfbf3c73843b4c84fc?scope=gallery&amp;headless=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Urban-Astrophotography-online-Masterclass.jpg?resize=880%2C624&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Book an online astrophotography masterclass\" class=\"wp-image-10205\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Art Store<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Own a fine art print from the gallery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/artstore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1318\" height=\"936\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?fit=880%2C625&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Visit the Urban Astrophotography Art Store\" class=\"wp-image-10206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?w=1318&amp;ssl=1 1318w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=300%2C213&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=1024%2C727&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=768%2C545&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=500%2C355&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=800%2C568&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-18-220348.jpg?resize=1280%2C909&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Donate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Help me fight the spam bots!<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\n        .wpedon-container .wpedon-select,\r\n        .wpedon-container .wpedon-input {\r\n            width: 200px;\r\n            min-width: 200px;\r\n            max-width: 200px;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style><div class='wpedon-container wpedon-align-left'><div><br\/><label id=\"wpedon-2012-amount-label\">Donation Amount<\/label><br \/><input type='number' min='1' step='any' name='ddm_ede7c2c5a18e686756fe77f39c361d0e' class='wpedon-input' value='10.00' \/><script>\r\n                (function(){\r\n                    function wpedonInitManual_ede7c2c5a18e686756fe77f39c361d0e(){\r\n                        var input = document.querySelector('[name=\"ddm_ede7c2c5a18e686756fe77f39c361d0e\"]');\r\n                        if (!input) { return; }\r\n                        input.addEventListener('change', function(){\r\n                         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method='post'>\t\t<script\r\n\t\t\tsrc='https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/sdk\/js?client-id=Advx1wc_4Se6ICsYnMXTqWntyS0F1VdRHIeWnT2Qgv0nFi6sD86KEM9DSxcG79rq_weHqfs1uClL1xDy&merchant-id=PE8M86N7VP6M6&currency=GBP&intent=capture&components=buttons,funding-eligibility'\r\n\t\t\tdata-partner-attribution-id='WPPlugin_STP_CP'\r\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/script>\r\n\t\t<style>\r\n        .wpedon-paypal-button-container > *,\r\n        .wpedon-paypal-hosted-fields-container .wpedon-paypal-btn,\r\n        .wpedon-form .wpedon-or {\r\n            width: 200px;\r\n            min-width: 200px;\r\n            max-width: 200px;\r\n        }\r\n        .wpedon-paypal-hosted-fields-container .wpedon-paypal-btn {\r\n            height: 40px;\r\n        }\r\n\t\t<\/style>\r\n\t\t<script>\r\n      const wpedonPaypalFunding = [\"paypal\"];\r\n\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<!-- Buttons container -->\r\n\t<div id='wpedon-paypal-button-container-ede7c2c5a18e686756fe77f39c361d0e' class='wpedon-paypal-button-container 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