{"id":325,"date":"2021-06-14T08:31:08","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T08:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/?p=325"},"modified":"2026-09-19T14:04:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T14:04:18","slug":"how-to-get-long-integration-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/how-to-get-long-integration-times\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Get Long Integration Times in Astrophotography"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>body.ua-editorial-page{background:#101315;color:#e8edef}body.ua-editorial-page #page{overflow:clip!important}body.ua-editorial-page #content>.wrapper,body.ua-editorial-page #primary,body.ua-editorial-page .singular-content-wrap{width:100%;max-width:none;padding-inline:0}.ua-editorial-post>.entry-header{display:none}.ua-editorial-post>.entry-content{max-width:1360px;margin:auto!important;padding:28px clamp(18px,3.2vw,44px) 56px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#e8edef}.ua-editorial-post .entry-content 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electricity.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/how-to-use-mains-power-for-your-asiair-plus\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/MainsPower_1x1.jpg\"},\"1745\":{\"title\":\"Askar 130PHQ\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the telescope.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/MyAstroKit_1x1.jpg\"},\"1747\":{\"title\":\"Dualband Filter Shootout\",\"copy\":\"Compare L-eXtreme, L-Ultimate and Colour Magic 6nm filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dualband-shootout.jpg\"},\"1752\":{\"title\":\"Eagle Image Stacker\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the image-stacking 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edition.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-the-astrophotography-planner-custom-digital-edition\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/AstrophotographyPlanner_1x1.jpg\"},\"2346\":{\"title\":\"BlurXTerminator\",\"copy\":\"Explore my experience with the image-processing tool.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-blurxterminator\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BlurXTerminator_1x1.jpg\"},\"2544\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight Pre-Processing Guide\",\"copy\":\"Work through calibration, registration and image integration.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-pre-processing\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/PixInsight-Guide-to-Preprocessing.jpg\"},\"2915\":{\"title\":\"ZWO Seestar S50\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the smart 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filter.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-optolong-l-quad-enhance\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LQEF.jpeg\"},\"3151\":{\"title\":\"Choosing a Filter for an OSC Camera\",\"copy\":\"Explore broadband and narrowband filter choices.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/guide-which-filter-should-i-use-with-my-osc-camera\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/001-March-19-2024-FilterChoice_1x1-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.jpg\"},\"3180\":{\"title\":\"PixInsight IntegerResample\",\"copy\":\"Read about when to bin your astrophotography data.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/pixinsight-guide-integerresample-knowing-when-to-bin-your-data\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/IntegerResample_1x1.jpg\"},\"5424\":{\"title\":\"Askar E2 vs D2\",\"copy\":\"Compare the two SII\/OIII filters.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-colour-magic-e2-sii-oiii-filter-e2-vs-d2\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/v2_E2_starless-3.jpg\"},\"9780\":{\"title\":\"Immersed in Starlight\",\"copy\":\"Explore my astrophotography exhibition.\",\"kind\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/exhibition-immersed-in-starlight\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Immersed_1x1_UAres.webp\"},\"11623\":{\"title\":\"ZWO ASI 220MM Mini\",\"copy\":\"Read my review of the guide camera.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi-220mm-mini\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO220MMUAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11624\":{\"title\":\"Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider\",\"copy\":\"Explore the off-axis guider in my setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-m54-off-axis-guider\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AskarOAG_UAres_1x1.webp\"},\"11654\":{\"title\":\"StellarDrive X 6R PRO\",\"copy\":\"See how the mount performs in my imaging setup.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-stellardrive-x-6r-pro-mount-darkframe-optics\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/001-Stellardrive-UAres_1x1-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp\"},\"13036\":{\"title\":\"Svbony SV535\",\"copy\":\"Explore my review of the 105mm f\/2.8 astrograph.\",\"kind\":\"Review\",\"href\":\"\/staging\/7355\/review-svbony-sv535-105mm-f-2-8-astrograph\/\",\"src\":\"\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Svbony535_UAres_1x1.webp\"}},map={\"216\":[1258,3151,325],\"314\":[11654,11624,1258],\"317\":[1018,2544,2274],\"320\":[314,1018,1834],\"325\":[1096,1661,2274],\"327\":[3025,3151,1747],\"425\":[314,11654,2346],\"899\":[9780,320,1834],\"957\":[2544,3180,2346],\"1018\":[314,216,3151],\"1096\":[1661,1852,325],\"1182\":[2544,425,314],\"1236\":[314,1661,325],\"1258\":[216,3151,3005],\"1299\":[1745,13036,1381],\"1350\":[216,3180,425],\"1381\":[1400,1754,11624],\"1400\":[11623,1381,1754],\"1444\":[2544,2346,3180],\"1661\":[1096,314,325],\"1745\":[1299,13036,11624],\"1747\":[1958,5424,3151],\"1752\":[2544,1444,2132],\"1754\":[1381,11623,11624],\"1834\":[9780,2953,320],\"1852\":[1096,2274,2953],\"1958\":[5424,1747,3151],\"2132\":[2346,1444,2544],\"2274\":[1852,325,1018],\"2346\":[1444,3180,2132],\"2544\":[1444,1182,3180],\"2610\":[1958,5424,2544],\"2915\":[2953,1018,1852],\"2953\":[2915,1834,1018],\"3005\":[1258,11623,314],\"3025\":[327,3151,1747],\"3151\":[1747,3025,1958],\"3180\":[2544,2346,1258],\"5424\":[1958,1747,3151],\"9780\":[1834,899,320],\"11623\":[11624,1400,11654],\"11624\":[11623,1754,11654],\"11654\":[11624,11623,314],\"13036\":[1299,1745,1258]},id=post.id.replace('post-',''),items=map[id];if(!items)return;const section=document.createElement('section');section.id='related-content';section.className='ua-related-content';section.setAttribute('aria-labelledby','ua-related-heading');const heading=document.createElement('h2');heading.id='ua-related-heading';heading.textContent='Related content';const grid=document.createElement('div');grid.className='ua-related-grid';section.append(heading,grid);items.forEach(key=>{const item=cards[key],a=document.createElement('a'),img=document.createElement('img'),body=document.createElement('div'),kind=document.createElement('span'),title=document.createElement('h3'),copy=document.createElement('p'),more=document.createElement('span');a.className='ua-related-link';a.href=item.href;img.src=item.src;img.alt='';img.loading='lazy';img.decoding='async';img.width=800;img.height=600;body.className='ua-related-copy';kind.className='ua-related-kind';kind.textContent=item.kind;title.textContent=item.title;copy.textContent=id==='11623'&&key===1400?'Read my review of the 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class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull wp-duotone-unset-1\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"495\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-3336 size-full\" alt=\"The Wizard Nebula photographed from a city\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=880%2C495&#038;ssl=1\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=500%2C281&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?resize=1280%2C720&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UAbanner.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-eighty-black-background-color has-background-dim-40 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xxl, 4rem);font-style:normal;text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b\"]{text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b\"]{text-shadow:0px 3px 6px #000000;}}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_12ca05-1b\"><strong>How to Get Long Integration Times in Astrophotography<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_767ade-ea\"]{text-align:center;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-family:Oxygen;text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_767ade-ea\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_767ade-ea\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_767ade-ea\"]{text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_767ade-ea\"]{text-shadow:1px 1px 6px #000000;}}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading325_767ade-ea wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_767ade-ea\">First published June 2021<br>Last updated January 2026<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-325_481232-7e .kt-block-spacer{height:6px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-325_481232-7e .kt-divider{border-top-width:2px;border-top-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.60);width:30%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-325_481232-7e\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(30% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c ,.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_8b3e31-2c alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"intro\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_76f8b3-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_76f8b3-07\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns325_d13a72-d3{padding-top:6px;gap:3px;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns325_d13a72-d3 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns325_d13a72-d3{justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"toc-rail wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns325_d13a72-d3\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button{color:#ffffff;background:#363636;font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:#363636;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2747b-70.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_f2747b-70 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#intro\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\"><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_f2e52d-3c kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#why\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Why do you need long integration times?<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_d86803-fb.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_d86803-fb kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#remote-automation\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">1. Use remote automation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_013fd5-8a.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_013fd5-8a kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#plan\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">2. Plan your imaging sessions<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_77dd09-71.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_77dd09-71 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#optimise\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">3. Optimise your set-up and pack-down<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_828117-5b.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_828117-5b kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#short-subs\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">4. Shoot short subs<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_45122a-8d.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_45122a-8d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#commit\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">5. Commit to it!<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_98c2fe-13.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_98c2fe-13 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#summary\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Summary<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button{width:210px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button{color:#e0e0e0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-0.01px;font-family:Oxygen;font-weight:400;text-transform:none;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn325_bef795-53.kb-button:focus{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn325_bef795-53 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"#where-to-buy\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Where to buy<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_2df754-47{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_2df754-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_2df754-47\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_33988d-e9\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_33988d-e9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_33988d-e9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading325_33988d-e9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_33988d-e9\">Intro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In astrophotography, we don\u2019t take a single photo and stop there. Instead, we capture many individual exposures, often called subframes or subs, and combine them into a single image in a process known as stacking. The total amount of data collected is referred to as the integration time. For example, combining ten one minute exposures results in an integration time of ten minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I first started out, I was pleased to collect just a few hours of data on a target. Now I routinely aim for 20 hours or more, and usually achieve it despite the cloudy skies of the South West UK. In this article, I explain why long integration times are so important, particularly for urban astrophotographers, and share my five most effective tips for achieving them in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc69714816&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc69714816\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=880%2C576&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"The Iris Nebula from 30 hours of integration\" class=\"wp-image-3303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=1024%2C671&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=768%2C503&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=1536%2C1006&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=2048%2C1342&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=500%2C328&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=800%2C524&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=1280%2C839&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?resize=1920%2C1258&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/v4_Iris_UAres_watermarked.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Iris Nebula is a notoriously difficult object to image even with dark skies, let alone from a city. But with a long integration time (30 hours in this instance) it&#8217;s possible.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc69714d08&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc69714d08\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"589\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=880%2C589&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"The Pleiades, photographed from a city\" class=\"wp-image-1476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=1024%2C685&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=768%2C514&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=1536%2C1028&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=500%2C334&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=800%2C535&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=1280%2C856&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=1920%2C1284&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/M45_v3_watermarked.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">22 hours of integration time from Bristol City Centre, no filters.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e ,.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_ea5775-5e alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_b3f272-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_b3f272-bc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"why\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e04ce8-7a\">Why do you need long integration times?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can break down every individual image we take into two categories: signal and noise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-yellow-color\">Signal<\/mark> is all the photons we want to record. Say we&#8217;re photographing a galaxy; all the light emitted by the galaxy that reaches our sensor, and is recorded, is signal. Signal is good. We like signal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-yellow-color\">Noise<\/mark> is everything our sensor records that we <em>don&#8217;t<\/em> want. Noise is bad. Our camera sensors themselves produce noise when in use. And I think of light pollution &#8212; which we have an overabundance of in our cities &#8212; as noise, too.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We want our images to have the best possible signal-to-noise ratio, or SNR for short. This means they look crisp and smooth with lots of detail. We do this by taking loads of photos and integrating them together. This improves the signal, while the noise (which by is more random by its nature) gets smoothed out. So, long integration times = better SNR.<br><br>How long is long enough? Well the longer the integration time the better, but it&#8217;s not practical (or fun) to spend a lifetime collecting data on a single image. I decided to conduct an experiment to find an answer for my location and equipment. I collected 20 hours of data on a single target, <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/the-iris-nebula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Iris Nebula<\/a>, and then made mini-images of various integration times to see the difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc697158e9&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc697158e9\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"346\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=880%2C346\" alt=\"Chart showing the Iris Nebula with increasing integrations; 2, 4, 6, all the way to 20 hours\" class=\"wp-image-471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C118&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C403&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C302&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C604&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C806&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=500%2C197&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C315&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=1280%2C504&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?resize=1920%2C755&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-20-scaled.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first six hours make the biggest difference by far. After that there&#8217;s still improvement, and it&#8217;s worth keeping going, but we&#8217;re into the realm of diminishing returns. <br><br>I wanted to see the difference integration times make on background noise levels, so vlaiv from the Stargazers Lounge helped by taking data from my <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/the-bode-and-cigar-galaxies-m81-and-m82\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bode and Cigar Galaxies photo<\/a> and creating this comparison. In the left-half on the image you can see the noise level after two hours of integration. The right-half cycles in two-hour intervals all the way to 24 hours of integration. See how it gets much smoother with time?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/vlaiv-noise-GIF.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/vlaiv-noise-GIF.gif?resize=400%2C400\" alt=\"GIF showing noise levels getting progressively lower\" class=\"wp-image-474\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I graphed the noise levels using <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-pixinsight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PixInsight&#8217;s<\/a> subframe selector function:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc69715f23&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc69715f23\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"561\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?resize=880%2C561\" alt=\"Graph showing noise levels getting lower with increased integration time. The line folows an inverse-square law\" class=\"wp-image-475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?w=1113&amp;ssl=1 1113w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?resize=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C652&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?resize=768%2C489&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?resize=500%2C319&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Integration-Noise-chart-1.jpg?resize=800%2C510&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It matches the image quality of the Iris Nebula mini-pictures quite well.<br><br>After seeing these results I decided to aim for higher integration times. Nowadays I&#8217;m happy with anything in the range of 16 to 24 hours of good quality data. I can produce decent results with half that, but to be honest anything less and the SNR can be a bit too weak given how hard I push the data during processing. Any more and it&#8217;s not really worth it for the gain in SNR.<br><br>Also consider that the more subs you take, the pickier you can be about the quality of those you put into your final integration. (If you put rubbish in, you&#8217;ll get rubbish out). Take 24 hours of data and you can cut the worst 25% and still have 18 hours left.<br><br>I&#8217;m not saying that you should have the same target integration time, but it&#8217;s worth running a similar experiment for yourself to see how your local sky conditions affect your SNR.<br><br>With all that in mind, here are my top five tips to achieve long integration times.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 ,.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_0a356c-d5 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_10f191-05{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_10f191-05 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_10f191-05\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e7722f-23\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e7722f-23\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e7722f-23\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"remote-automation\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_e7722f-23 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_e7722f-23\">1. Use remote automation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc69716857&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc69716857\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=880%2C586\" alt=\"ASIAIR unit \" class=\"wp-image-865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DSC_8181.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most of us start our astrophotography adventures with a DSLR and a remote shutter release, sat out in the cold snapping one picture after another. Remote automation is a huge leap forward. This allows you to control your system from afar &#8212; think telescope set up in the garden while you&#8217;re giving it commands from your living room sofa.<br><br>Remote automation allows your whole system to run much more efficiently and even pre-plan imaging runs that last an entire night. You go to bed while your camera keeps collecting photons. Sweet dreams!<br><br>There are different options available for remote automation. I used to hook up an old laptop loaded with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sequencegeneratorpro.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sequence Generator Pro<\/a> to my telescope kit, and then <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teamviewer.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TeamViewer<\/a> to use the computer in my home to remote desktop onto the laptop. That worked fine, but now I use an <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-asiair-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ASIAIR Plus<\/a>, which I find to be more convenient and allows me to control everything from my phone.<br><br>Remote automation software often comes with plate solving that allows for automatic and very accurate target centering; i.e. your mount will move your telescope so it&#8217;s looking at exactly what you want to photograph. The first time you see a system plate-solving it just seems like magic. The <em>really <\/em>good thing is that you can use plate solving to get your telescope back imaging the exact same region of sky over many nights, which lets you rack up the integration time.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 ,.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_0f028f-85 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_19091e-56{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_19091e-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_19091e-56\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"plan\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_5a6cd8-a2\">2. Plan your imaging sessions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc69717162&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc69717162\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"496\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=880%2C496&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Stellarium screenshot\" class=\"wp-image-1341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?w=1873&amp;ssl=1 1873w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=1024%2C577&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=768%2C433&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=1536%2C865&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=500%2C282&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=800%2C451&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?resize=1280%2C721&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Stellarium-meridian.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to crank up your integration times, plan your imaging sessions. The most important thing here is to choose a target that will be visible in your sky for as long as possible between sunset and sunrise. Ideally you want to be collecting your target&#8217;s photons as soon as it gets properly dark, right through until pre-dawn twilight. Avoid anything that&#8217;s going to dip below the horizon after a few hours of imaging. Likewise, you don&#8217;t want to be wasting precious hours of darkness waiting for your target to rise.<br><br>Planetarium software like <a href=\"https:\/\/stellarium.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stellarium<\/a> is really useful here. You can plug in your location and then see exactly where the best targets will be in your sky. Remember that you&#8217;ll likely be imaging the same target for several weeks if not longer, so ensure it&#8217;ll be well-positioned over that entire timeframe.<br><br>Here&#8217;s a useful trick. In Stellarium, go to Sky and viewing options (F4); Markings; then check the three boxes next to Meridian. You get the best quality data when your target&#8217;s close to the meridian line, so make sure you choose a target that will pass that area of the sky during your imaging session. You&#8217;ll also want to ensure that your remote automation software is enabled for meridian flips.<br><br>Advanced tip: you can create your own landscapes in Stellarium to know when that galaxy you want to image is going to move out from behind the trees. Plug that data into you remote automation software and you can actually image multiple targets over a night without any wasted time.<br><br>I also use <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/coming-soon-review-the-astrophotography-planner-custom-digital-edition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Charles Bracken&#8217;s The Astrophotography Planner Custom Digital Edition<\/a>, which I recommend.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba ,.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_e6102c-ba alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_899cd0-10{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_899cd0-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_899cd0-10\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"optimise\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_4e6c26-25\">3. Optimise your set-up and pack-down<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"1080\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1920 \/ 1080;\" width=\"1920\" controls loop src=\"http:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Meridian-flip.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It&#8217;s critical to have an efficient set-up and pack-down procedure. The more hassle it is to get your kit ready to image, the less likely you are to actually do it. Think about how to trim time off every stage. Every minute helps!<br><br>The ultimate solution is an automated dome, or perhaps roll-off roof shed. Those are big and expensive, however. Personally, I use a DIY pier (sometimes called a &#8220;Todmorden pier&#8221;) in my garden. This is so good I don&#8217;t know how I coped without it. In short, a pier is a permanent fixture with your mount head on top, replacing your tripod. Simple but brilliant, and highly recommended.<br><br>Before, when I wanted to set up for an imaging run, I&#8217;d need to lug the tripod out from the shed and put it in the right position; fetch the telescope from the house and attach it; sort all the cabling; then polar align, which can be hair-tearingly frustrating to get just right. That entire process would take me about 20 &#8211; 25 minutes, and the polar alignment could only be done when it was dark.<br><br>Now, with my pier, there&#8217;s no tripod positioning or polar aligning. Most of what I need is outside already. I just take the telescope from my house and attach it to the mount. We&#8217;re talking literally <em>five minutes<\/em> from being in the house thinking &#8220;it&#8217;s clear skies tonight&#8221; to gathering photons. Plus, in the summer when it doesn&#8217;t get dark until very late, I don&#8217;t need to wait until I can actually see any stars; pier plus remote automation means I can plan the imaging run any time I want, and just set it to commence when it&#8217;s dark.<br><br>You might be thinking that the ~20 minutes saved on set-up time is good, but not a huge amount given that I&#8217;m espousing the virtues of clocking up 20 hours of integration time. You&#8217;d be right, but here&#8217;s the thing: the fact that it&#8217;s now so quick and easy to set up your telescope means that you&#8217;re far more likely to actually do it. Let&#8217;s say that there&#8217;s only an hour or two of clear skies forecast for the night. It&#8217;s a lot of hassle to set up and align the tripod for that. But five minutes because of the pier? Alright, let&#8217;s go for it! Hey presto, thanks to the pier you haven&#8217;t gained 20 minutes of integration time that night, but rather two hours. And all those one, two, three hours of bonus time add up quite quickly and before you know it you&#8217;re into double-digits.<br><br>If you&#8217;re renting your home, your landlord\/lady might not be too happy about you digging up the garden to build a pier. I&#8217;ve heard about people filling tyres with concrete and using that as a base for a DIY pier. Sounds like quite a good idea. And sure, a proper dome would be even better &#8212; but then you need a lot more space, and about ten times the budget.<br><br>I&#8217;ve talked a lot about piers because that&#8217;s what I have, but of course that might not be a valid option for you. If you live somewhere that makes a pier completely impossible, like a tower block, then it&#8217;s still crucial to consider how you can make your set-up and pack-down as quick and easy as they can be. Even leaving your telescope set up with a cover (<a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-cygnus-astro-cover\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cygnus Astro<\/a> are recommended) for a few nights on the trot will help a huge amount. Small improvements add up to big differences. Can you get your set-up routine down to 20 minutes? Great, now aim for 15. Then 10. Then 5&#8230;<br><br>For more info about my pier, see this post on <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/my-astrophotography-kit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">my astrophotography kit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 ,.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_bdc9d5-13 alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_e3f39d-2a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_157b80-9b\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_157b80-9b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_157b80-9b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"short-subs\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_157b80-9b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_157b80-9b\">4. Shoot short subs (if your camera has a modern CMOS sensor)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc6971817b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc6971817b\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"346\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=880%2C346\" alt=\"Wndows Explorer screenshot showing hundreds of subframe files\" class=\"wp-image-503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C118&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C403&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C302&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C604&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C806&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=500%2C197&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C315&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=1280%2C504&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?resize=1920%2C755&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Approved-scaled.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">That&#8217;s a lot of subs&#8230;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many years astrocameras used a type of sensor called CCD. To be effective these needed sub lengths of many minutes &#8212; think 10, 20, even more. Nowadays we have a new type of sensor called CMOS. These have several benefits, particularly the fact that you can shoot much shorter subs. The important thing is the total integration time. How you get there doesn&#8217;t matter so much.<br><br>Dr Robin Glover explains the technical reasons in his video, Deep Sky Astrophotography With CMOS Cameras.<br><br>There are definite practical benefits to shooting short subs instead of lengthy ones:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">The shorter your sub is, the less accurate your mount&#8217;s tracking needs to be. Shooting a 10-minute sub requires far greater precision than a one-minute sub. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">If you do have any mount wobble or other issues, it&#8217;s better to have one short sub ruined rather than one long sub.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Shorter subs mean you can take advantage of gaps in the cloud to keep gathering data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The one main drawback to talking lots of short subs instead of fewer long ones is the amount of space they take up on your computer (and corresponding time to process the data). Every sub from my <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi2600mc-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2600MC<\/a> is 50MB. That adds up quickly when taking lots of short subs, so you need a big harddrive and ideally lots of RAM in your computer.<br><br>In theory I could shoot subs as short as 10 seconds and get good results. I&#8217;d need an entire harddrive for each image though, so it&#8217;s not practical. For a long time I shot two-minute subs as standard, but have now switched to five-minutes, as my guiding is reliable and my harddrive was filling up!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb ,.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_77e1bd-fb alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_0fc7ae-44\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"commit\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_0bcc81-9a\">5. Commit to it!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafc69718a20&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafc69718a20\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"The Wizard Nebula photographed from a city\" class=\"wp-image-3318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=500%2C334&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=800%2C534&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?resize=1920%2C1281&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Wizard-Nebula-UA-res-watermarked.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, it takes a certain amount of dedication to achieve long integration times. First, there&#8217;s always the temptation to call it quits and move onto another target. Beginners in particular tend to get itchy feet; after all, there&#8217;s just so much out there to image! This feeling does fade after you get a few long integration images, and realise that the end product is much better as a result.<br><br>Second, we astroimagers can sometimes be quite good at thinking of excuses to <em>not<\/em> image. It might get cloudy later; the Moon is out; it&#8217;s Summer and the sky will only be dark for a few hours&#8230; the list goes on. My trick is to ditch all that and make it a binary decision: if the forecast is clear, I&#8217;ll be imaging. If not, I won&#8217;t. Simple but effective. Note that you still need to be careful about not letting low-quality subs through; you want quantity <em>and <\/em>quality!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce ,.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce h1,.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce h2,.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce h3,.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce h4,.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce h5,.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce h6{color:#ffffff;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:#ffffff!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_88ae37-ce alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_81e447-f0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_81e447-f0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_81e447-f0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_b93519-7c\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_b93519-7c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_b93519-7c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"summary\" class=\"kt-adv-heading325_b93519-7c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading325_b93519-7c\">Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">I hope that if you&#8217;re currently getting integration times of just a few hours then you&#8217;ve now been given a nudge to collect more photons. It makes a huge difference to the quality of your final images. Remember that I&#8217;m in cloudy South-West UK, but using these tips I can produce a ~20-hour integrated image every three weeks or so in the Winter, or six weeks in the Summer.<br><br>Also check out my article on the <a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/top-10-upgrades\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Top 10 Upgrades<\/a>, many of which will help you with this most noble of aims.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:clip;isolation:isolate;}.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-layout-overlay{border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_cf7d69-db alignnone has-eighty-black-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_caaa5b-ba\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"where-to-buy\">Where to buy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Here&#8217;s some of the kit I use to take my astrophotos.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/my-astrophotography-kit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here for a complete list.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><em>Affiliate links help support the site at no extra cost to you.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_56ed15-b0 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_aa924f-21{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_aa924f-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_aa924f-21\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar 130PHQ telescope\" class=\"wp-image-1894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DSC_8005.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_3d989f-df{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_3d989f-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_3d989f-df\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Telescope: Askar 130PHQ<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-130phq-flatfield-astrograph\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/telescopes\/askar-apochromatic-refractor-ap-130-1000-130phq-ota\/p,77528?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span> <br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/askar-130-mm-f-77-apo-astrograph-ota-130phq?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_de9ef3-93 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_732643-a0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_732643-a0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_732643-a0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro\" class=\"wp-image-1266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ZWO-ASI2600MC-Pro-watermarked.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_0d843a-91{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_0d843a-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_0d843a-91\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Camera: <span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi2600mc-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/astronomical-cameras\/zwo-camera-asi-2600-mc-pro-color\/p,87290?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi2600mc-pro-usb-3-cooled-color-astronomy-camera-2025-asi2600mc-p25?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_dabdc6-ef alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_8028e6-b8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_8028e6-b8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro equatorial mount with StellarDrive X 6R Pro upgrade set up for astrophotography\" class=\"wp-image-11661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/003-Stellardrive-UAres_watermarked-16-Jan-2026-NZ8_5637-LEE-PULLEN-PHOTOGRAPHY.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_d03e8f-94 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_d03e8f-94\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Mount:<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">StellarDrive X 6R PRO<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-stellardrive-x-6r-pro-mount-darkframe-optics\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"11654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/equatorial-with-goto\/skywatcher-mount-eq6-r-pro-synscan-goto\/p,53080?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy EQ6-R PRO from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/sky-watcher-eq6-r-pro-mount-s30300?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy EQ6-R PRO from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><br><em>Rebuilt into a StellarDrive X 6R PRO by DarkFrame Optics.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_1f46b1-58 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_e31bda-f1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_e31bda-f1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider \n\" class=\"wp-image-11634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Askar_OAG_3_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_e0ad24-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_e0ad24-99\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">Askar M54 Off-Axis Guider<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/off-axis-guider\/askar-off-axis-guider-t2-m48-m54\/p,77132?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/askar-off-axis-guider-m54-oag?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi220mm-mini-mono-astronomy-camera-asi220mini?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_ac7e56-55 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_18d391-44{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_18d391-44 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_18d391-44\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ZWO ASI 220MM Mini \n\" class=\"wp-image-11626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ZWO_ASI_220MM_2_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_29c6ef-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_29c6ef-68\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\">ZWO ASI 220MM Mini<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-zwo-asi-220mm-mini\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"11623\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/astronomical-cameras\/zwo-camera-asi-220-mm-mini-mono\/p,77206?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi220mm-mini-mono-astronomy-camera-asi220mini?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asi220mm-mini-mono-astronomy-camera-asi220mini?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_b5e2d0-17 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_6bd0e2-9e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=880%2C586&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ASIAIR Plus\" class=\"wp-image-1100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1280%2C852&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?resize=1920%2C1278&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/003-September-16-2021-ASIAIR-Plus-DSC_0435-PULLEN.jpg?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_a2ea59-c0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Control: ASIAIR Plus<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-asiair-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/controls\/zwo-asiair-plus-256gb\/p,83372?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/zwo-asiair-plus-wifi-camera-controller-256gb-version?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_2c6941-ef alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_c80487-96{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_c80487-96 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_c80487-96\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Optolong L-Quad Enhance\" class=\"wp-image-10948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-QuadEnhance_UAres_watermarked.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_8c7b54-8b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Filter: Optolong L-Quad Enhance<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-optolong-l-quad-enhance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/broadband-filters\/optolong-filters-l-quad-enhance-2-\/p,80320?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/optolong-2-l-quad-enhance-filter?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_8e8ffc-5d alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_383f01-1d{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_383f01-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_383f01-1d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Optolong L-Ultimate\" class=\"wp-image-10949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/L-Ultimate_UAres_watermarked-2.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_94a305-17{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_94a305-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_94a305-17\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Filter: Optolong L-Ultimate<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/dualband-filter-shootout-l-extreme-vs-l-ultimate-vs-colour-magic-6nm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astroshop.eu\/uhc-filters\/optolong-filters-l-ultimate-2-\/p,76371?affiliate_id=UrbanAstrophotography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from Astroshop.eu<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/optolong-l-ultimate-2-light-pollution-dual-band-filter-lult-200?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}.kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id325_c8f028-f3 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_3b712c-73{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_3b712c-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_3b712c-73\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=880%2C587&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Askar E2\" class=\"wp-image-10950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1280%2C854&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=1920%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?resize=507%2C338&amp;ssl=1 507w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AskarE2_UAres_watermarked-3.webp?w=1760&amp;ssl=1 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column325_c81a86-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column325_c81a86-d4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><strong>Filter: Askar E2<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/review-askar-colour-magic-e2-sii-oiii-filter-e2-vs-d2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read my review<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #fffffe;\" class=\"stk-highlight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.highpointscientific.com\/askar-color-magic-2-e2-sii-and-oiii-filter?rfsn=8945533.e3e877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener sponsored nofollow\">Buy from High Point Scientific<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"is-style-wide wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nfd-container nfd-py-lg nfd-theme-dark nfd-bg-surface nfd-wb-text__text-20 engagement-columns ticss-c88d95c9 is-style-nfd-theme-dark wp-block-group has-eighty-black-background-color has-background\" style=\"border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Book a Masterclass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One-on-one online tuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/courses\/#!\/art\/astronomyexperience\/68ee18bfbf3c73843b4c84fc?scope=gallery&amp;headless=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Urban-Astrophotography-online-Masterclass.jpg?resize=880%2C624&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Book an online astrophotography masterclass\" class=\"wp-image-10205\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Art Store<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Own a fine art print from the gallery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/index.php\/artstore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer 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!important;\n  max-width: none !important;\n  margin-left: 0 !important;\n  margin-right: 0 !important;\n}\n<\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/how-to-get-long-integration-times\/\" class=\"more-link\">View article<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">How to Get Long Integration Times in Astrophotography<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"object-type":[],"imaging-filter":[],"image-year":[],"telescope":[],"camera":[],"class_list":["post-325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/LongIntegration_1x1.jpg?fit=2048%2C2048&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lee","author_link":"https:\/\/urbanastrophotography.com\/staging\/7355\/author\/lee\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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