The Cygnus Wall | NGC 7000

The Cygnus Wall NGC 7000 in Cygnus, imaged from a light polluted urban sky

THE CYGNUS WALL

NGC 7000 • Star-forming emission nebula • Cygnus • 2600 light-years from Earth


🗓️
Aug & Sep 2023

Overview

The Cygnus Wall is a turbulent region of star formation, and part of the much larger North America Nebula (NGC 7000). The Cygnus Wall is mostly made from Hydrogen and Sulpfur, shown here in orange-red, surrounded by Oxygen, shown here as blue. The Cygnus Wall is about 20 light-years long, or put another way, about 1.3 million times further than the distance between the Earth and Sun!

I put 40 hours of data into this image, which led to a strong signal-to-noise ratio. This means that faint details details are visible, despite my city centre location.

Background

I almost captured the Cygnus Wall in an earlier image of the Pelican Nebula, taken with my previous Askar FRA400 telescope. Part of my wanting to upgrade to my new Askar 130PHQ was to really focus in on parts of large nebulae, seeing details that are hard to get with a small-aperture wide-field telescope. So I was drawn to the Cygnus Wall because I knew it was a dynamic part of the night sky, and would fill my focal length of 1000mm very nicely.

The nights are starting to draw in and there was a spell of decent clear weather, which meant it only took me three weeks to collect 40 hours of data in total. 18 hours was Optolong L-Ultimate data. This looked fairly clean after integrating, which is always a good sign! The positive omens continued when I integrated 19 hours of Askar D2 data. This often looks quite a bit worse than the L-Ultimate, as it’s capturing Sulfur II instead of Hydrogen-alpha, and the signal is usually weaker. Although it was a bit noisy, I was happy to see a decent level of detail. And finally, I captured three hours of RGB (no filter) data. My plan was to just use this for true colour stars, but the nebulosity looked too good to chuck and I ended up including it in the final image by using PixInsight’s NBRGBCombination utility. You can see example raw subfames and freshly integrated data if you scroll down to “Example source data”.

So, this image is actually a mix of S H O and RGB, all from an OSC camera. Pretty neat! It’s fair to say the result could have been obtained faster (and perhaps better) using a mono camera and filters, but the required kit is more expensive and data acquisition would have been a bit more fiddly. In any case, I think the end result is very respectable, especially considering my light-polluted city-centre location.

This image was used as the cover of the Winter 2023/24 issue of community magazine Up Our Street.

The Cygnus Wall NGC 7000 in Cygnus, imaged from a light polluted urban sky
Framed astrophoto taken from a light-polluted city, available to buy as a fine art print

Close-ups

  • Close-up showing an area of intricate nebulosity
  • Close-up of the Cygnus Wall's central region
  • Close-up of dense filaments
  • Close-up showing a darker area

Science

My image is just about good enough to resolve some Bok Globules. These are dense clouds of gas and dust. I think they look like little worms or tadpoles, but they’re actually pretty big — up to a light-year across. They’re denser than the surrounding interstellar medium, so they block background light and appear dark. Inside the Bok Globules, hydrogen gas is compressing to form new stars. So the globules are a bit like shells surrounding baby stars. Planets may be forming too around these stars too!

Imaging details

Date

25 August – 15 September 2023 (three weeks)

Location

Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope

Askar 130PHQ Flatfield Astrograph

Camera

ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Guiding

WO 50mm + ZWO 120MM Mini

Control

ASIAIR Plus

Software

PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by

Lee Pullen

Filter

Channels

Exposure

No filter

RGB (stars)

90 × 2-minutes (3 hours)

Optolong L-Ultimate

Hα / OIII

540 × 2-minutes (18 hours)

Askar Colour Magic D2

SII / OIII

570 × 5-minutes (19 hours)

40 hours

Imaging details

Date
1–16 August 2025

Location
Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope
Askar 130PHQ Flatfield Astrograph

Camera
ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Guiding
WO 50mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control
ASIAIR Plus

Software
PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by
Lee Pullen

Filters

No filter
RGB (stars)
90 × 2-minutes (3 hours)

Optolong L-Ultimate
Hα / OIII
540 × 2-minutes (18 hours)

Askar Colour Magic E2
SII / OIII
570 × 5-minutes (19 hours)

Total exposure: 40 hours

Kit list

This is the equipment I used to capture the image.
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William Optics 50mm with ROTO Lock guidescope

Guidescope: William Optics 50mm with ROTO Lock
Read my review

Buy from Astroshop.eu
Buy from High Point Scientific

Processing

I processed this image using the latest version of PixInsight (1.8.9-2). To begin with the software kept crashing and was basically unusable. The developers must have issued a patch though as after leaving it a few days and trying again it was much more stable. I think that the WeightedBatchPreProcessing (WBPP) function is a bit faster too. 

During processing, I had a particularly hard time putting the stars back into the image after pushing the nebulosity as far as I could. I used simple PixelMath (starlessimage+stars) but the stars looked very bloated, far more than they did in the star mask. I tried using ScreenStars, a new (free!) script by Bill Blanshan and Mike Cranfield. It was very good, and gave me nice tight stars as can be seen in this slider-comparison image. I’ll be using ScreenStars as a standard part of my workflow from now on.

Basic PixelMath on the left; ScreenStars on the right.
Example astrophotography image promoting one-to-one online astrophotography masterclasses

Example source data

Here are example single subframes and freshly integrated stacks, just with simple stretches applied.

Seestar S50 image

This photo of the Cygnus Wall was taken using my Seestar S50 telescope.






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5 thoughts on “The Cygnus Wall | NGC 7000

  1. Aymen says:

    A stunningly well processed target. I can see that you have stacked both filters in two separate processes in WBPP, is there a way to have two master lights in one go ?

    Reply
    1. Lee says:

      Good question, there’s probably a way but to be honest I’ve always been fine stacking in this way, so it’s not something I’ve looked into.

      Reply
  2. Geert Van Veirdeghem says:

    That looks absolutly fabelous. but i think you need a faster pc :-p
    i just did 168 x 180s OSC subs of IC 405/IC 410 and it took 1u40

    Reply
    1. Lee says:

      Ha yes, I upgraded my PC just last month and it’s much speedier now!

      Reply

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