The Flaming Star Nebula | IC 405

The Flaming Star Nebula IC 405 in Auriga, imaged from a light polluted urban sky

THE FLAMING STAR NEBULA

IC 405 • Emission and reflection nebula • Auriga • 1500 light-years from Earth


🗓️
Jan – March 2025

Overview

The Flaming Star Nebula, also known as IC 405, lies around 1,500 light years from Earth and spans roughly five light years across. Its most striking feature is the bright star AE Aurigae, visible here as the intense point of light embedded within the surrounding gas and dust. This star did not form in IC 405. Instead, it originated in the Orion Nebula around two million years ago, where interactions between multiple binary systems ejected it at high speed into space.

Today, AE Aurigae is passing through this nebula as a runaway star, illuminating the surrounding material from within and giving the Flaming Star Nebula its distinctive appearance.

Background

The weather in the UK has been really terrible lately, so this imaging project took nearly seven weeks to complete. By the end this target was getting pretty close to the horizon!

The Flaming Star Nebula IC 405 in Auriga, imaged from a light polluted urban sky
Framed astrophoto taken from a light-polluted city, available to buy as a fine art print

Close-ups

  • Close-up view of the "flaming star"
  • An area of dense nebulosity
  • Sweeping gas clouds
  • A particularly turbulent area of the nebula

Science

In order to decide which filters to use, I did a bit of research on the target. It’s a reflection and emission nebula. Reflection nebulae are broadband targets, so are best imaged in RGB. For the RGB, I collected 15 hours of data using my new broadband light pollution filter: the Optolong L-Quad Enhance. It’s the only broadband light pollution filter I’ve tried that has actually improved the quality of my data. Emission nebulae, in contrast to reflection, are often best seen in narrowband wavelengths, with the Flaming Star Nebula being a very rich source of . So, I then collected another 15 hours of data, this time using my faithful Optolong L-Ultimate. That’s a dualband filter that collects Hα and Oxygen III.

Imaging details

Date

18 January to 3 March 2024 (6.5 weeks)

Location

Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope

Askar 130PHQ Flatfield Astrograph

Camera

ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Guiding

WO 50mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control

ASIAIR Plus

Software

PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by

Lee Pullen

Filter

Channels

Exposure

Optolong L-Quad Enhance

RGB

180 × 5-minutes (15 hours)

Optolong L-Ultimate

Hα / OIII

180 × 5-minutes (15 hours)

30 hours

Imaging details

Date
18 January to 3 March 2024 (6.5 weeks)

Location
Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope
Askar 130PHQ Flatfield Astrograph

Camera
ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Guiding
WO 50mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control
ASIAIR Plus

Software
PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by
Lee Pullen

Filters

Optolong L-Quad Enhance
RGB
180 × 5-minutes (15 hours)

Optolong L-Ultimate
Hα / OIII
180 × 5-minutes (15 hours)

Total exposure: 30 hours

Kit list

This is the equipment I used to capture the image.
Affiliate links help support the site at no extra cost to you.

William Optics 50mm with ROTO Lock guidescope

Guidescope: William Optics 50mm with ROTO Lock
Read my review

Buy from Astroshop.eu
Buy from High Point Scientific

Processing walkthrough

During processing I combined these two sets of data (RGB and Hα/OIII) into one single image. Scroll down for a PixInsight processing video that walks through how I did this.

For interest, I made quick edits of just the RGB, and then just the Hα/OIII images. You can see them in the slider image below. RGB is on the left, and Hα/OIII is on the right. Hopefully you can see how each set of data has added detail to the final version. The RGB in particular really highlights the nebulosity around the flaming star itself; not surprising considering that’s the reflection nebula part. RGB is also good for giving accurate star colours. The Hα gives unparalleled detail in the emission nebulosity. Combine the two and you get the final image, which I think is the best of both.

RGB on the left; Hα/OIII on the right.

Note that I scarcely detected a hint of Oxygen III. If I were a mono imager instead of OSC, I could have used the more efficient method of simply using a Hα filter for all the narrowband component. But still, I think my OSC approach worked just fine.

As well as introducing the Optolong L-Quad Enhance into my workflow, I made another change: increased subframe length. To date, I’ve always shot 2-minute subframes. For this image, and going forward, I’m switching to 5-minutes. The reason is simple: I gather so much data that 2-minute subframes are filling up my harddrive and taking an age to integrate on my computer. 5-minute subframes mean I have fewer subframes to store, and integration is faster. My mount is tracking well enough to allow me to do this.

There’s a common misconception that I’ll very quickly address, which is that you need long subframes to get detail in your images, particularly from light-polluted areas. This might seem logical, but it’s not actually true. Using modern camera sensors with CMOS chips, as I do, means that your subframe duration doesn’t matter as far as image quality or discernible detail is concerned; it’s all about the total integration time. So, my decision is purely to save harddrive space and spare my PC from melting during integration! For more info about this, check out my article on how to get long integration times.

See below for a full processing walkthrough.

Example astrophotography image promoting one-to-one online astrophotography masterclasses

Example source data

Here are example single subframes and freshly integrated stacks, just with simple stretches applied.

Seestar S50 image

Here’s an image of the Flaming Star Nebula taken from my city centre location using a ZWO Seestar S50 smart telescope.






Discover more from Urban Astrophotography

Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

2 thoughts on “The Flaming Star Nebula | IC 405

  1. Gord McPherson says:

    Beautiful image and both the info on the subject and your approach to processing was helpful and wonderfully described! I came across your image as I was waiting for my light frames of the same subject to be captured in my backyard. I am using an Askar FRA400 telescope and ASI533MC camera with 240 second exposures. I hope my final image turns out half as well as yours! Keep up the great work!
    Gord

    Reply

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *