The Orion Nebula | M42

The Orion Nebula M42 in Orion, imaged from a light polluted urban sky

THE ORION NEBULA

M42 • Emission nebula • Orion • 1440 light-years from Earth


🗓️
Jan to March 2023

Overview

The Orion Nebula, also known as M42, is one of the most active and best known star forming regions in the night sky. Located around 1350 light years from Earth in the constellation Orion, it is the closest region of intense star formation to our planet. Within its glowing clouds of gas and dust, new stars are being born in vast numbers, making the Orion Nebula a classic target for both visual stargazers and astrophotographers.

Background

This was a really tricky target for a number of reasons. First, the nebula is only during a narrow window of opportunity from my garden, as it passes my house’s chimney but before it reaches the shed roof. That’s a few hours at most per night. Also, the weather was awful and I was clouded out almost all the time. Then worst of all, my camera fan broke! I had to order a new fan and then install it before I could continue. All in all, a bit of a disastrous six weeks.

Despite that, I managed just over 11 hours using my Optolong L-Ultimate. I then collected almost two hours of RGB data (by simply removing the filter). My plan was to use this RGB data just for the stars. However, I found that despite the short integration time, M43 — the smaller nebula to the right of the image — showed up well. This is probably due to the fact that it’s part reflection nebula, so shows up better in broadband wavelengths compared to the larger hydrogen-rich M42 nebula that dominates the picture. So, I followed a simple tutorial and combined my L-Ultimate and RGB data into a single image. I was happy with how well that turned out.

As for the stars, I just couldn’t get them looking as good in RGB as the L-Ultimate data. I even tried shooting shorter subframes for RGB — 30 seconds, instead of my standard 120 — but it didn’t seem to make any noticeable difference overall. So, the stars are actually from the L-Ultimate data. There wasn’t much colour in the RGB version, so no big loss there.

The Orion Nebula M42 in Orion, imaged from a light polluted urban sky
Framed astrophoto taken from a light-polluted city, available to buy as a fine art print

Imaging details

Date

January – March 2023 (six weeks)

Location

Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope

Askar 130PHQ Flatfield Astrograph

Camera

ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Guiding

WO 50mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control

ASIAIR Plus

Software

PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by

Lee Pullen

Filter

Channels

Exposure

No filter

RGB

212 × 30-seconds (1h 46m)

Optolong L-Ultimate

Hα / OIII

337 × 2-minutes (11h 14m)

13 hours

Imaging details

Date
January – March 2023 (six weeks)

Location
Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope
Askar 130PHQ Flatfield Astrograph

Camera
ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro

Guiding
WO 50mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control
ASIAIR Plus

Software
PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by
Lee Pullen

Filters

No filter
RGB
212 × 30-seconds (1h 46m)

Optolong L-Ultimate
Hα / OIII
37 × 2-minutes (11h 14m)


Total exposure: 13 hours

Kit list

This is the equipment I used to capture the image.
Affiliate links help support the site at no extra cost to you.

William Optics 50mm with ROTO Lock guidescope

Guidescope: William Optics 50mm with ROTO Lock
Read my review

Buy from Astroshop.eu
Buy from High Point Scientific

Processing

The Orion Nebula is notoriously difficult to process and in the end I spent the best part of two days playing about with different techniques and settings. The bright core in particular often causes people issues as it’s so bright compared to the rest of the nebula. To overcome this, I took the image into Adobe Lightroom fairly early in my processing and tamed the highlights to return detail to the core. The Trapezium stars are even visible, if you look closely. Much simpler than taking different exposures!

Example astrophotography image promoting one-to-one online astrophotography masterclasses

Example source data

Here are example single subframes and freshly integrated stacks, just with simple stretches applied.

Askar FRA400 image

I first imaged the Orion Nebula in February 2021 using my Askar FRA400 telescope.

Imaging details

Date

February 2021

Location

Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope

Askar FRA400 f/5.6 Quintuplet APO Astrograph

Camera

ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount

Orion Sirius EQ-G

Guiding

William Optics 32mm; ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control

ASIAIR PRO

Software

PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by

Lee Pullen

Filter

Channels

Exposure

Optolong L-eXtreme

Hα / OIII

89 × 5-minutes

26 hours 25 minutes

Askar FRA400 image

I first imaged the Orion Nebula in February 2021 using my Askar FRA400 telescope.

Imaging details

Date
February 2021


Location
Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)


Telescope
Askar FRA400

Camera
ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount
Orion Sirius EQ-G

Guiding
WO 32mm; ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control
ASIAIR PRO

Software
PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by
Lee Pullen

Filters

Optolong L-eXtreme
Hα / OIII

89 × 5-minutes

Total exposure: 26 hours 25 minutes

Seestar S50 image

This photo of the Orion Nebula was taken using my Seestar S50 telescope.






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