The Shark Nebula | LDN 1235

The Shark Nebula LDN 1235 in Cepheus, imaged from a light-polluted city

THE SHARK NEBULA

LDN 1235 • Dark nebula • Cepheus • 650 light-years from Earth


🗓️
April & May 2022

Overview

The Shark Nebula, also known as LDN 1235, is a faint cloud of interstellar gas and dust stretching roughly 15 light years from head to tail. It’s a dark nebula, visible only by the way it blocks and subtly reflects background starlight rather than emitting light of its own. With extremely low surface brightness, the Shark Nebula is a demanding target for astrophotography and particularly challenging to image from light polluted urban skies.

Background

This was definitely the toughest target I’ve imaged to date! Astrophotographers wanting to capture the Shark Nebula tend to travel to the darkest skies possible, but my approach is always to try from a city and test what’s possible. For this, I used my faithful Askar FRA400 telescope and ZWO ASI 2600MC PRO camera. Being a broadband target, I didn’t use any filters, instead relying on a long total integration time. Well, I can now safely conclude the Shark can be imaged from Bortle 8 skies, but I wouldn’t necessarily recommend it!

It’s so incredibly faint that it didn’t show up at all in single 2-minute subs, and can’t really be seen even in a freshly integrated 20-hour image. Check the source data near the end of this page to see what I mean!

The Shark Nebula LDN 1235 in Cepheus, imaged from a light-polluted city
Framed astrophoto taken from a light-polluted city, available to buy as a fine art print

Imaging details

Date

April & May 2022

Location

Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope

Askar FRA400

Camera

ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount

Orion Sirius EQ-G

Guiding

WO 32mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control

ASIAIR Plus

Software

PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by

Lee Pullen

Filter

Channels

Exposure

No filter

RGB

600 × 2-minutes

20 hours

Imaging details

Date
April & May 2022

Location
Bristol, UK (Bortle 8)

Telescope
Askar FRA400

Camera
ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro

Mount
Orion Sirius EQ-G

Guiding
WO 32mm + ZWO ASI 120MM Mini

Control
ASIAIR Plus

Software
PixInsight, Lightroom

Image by
Lee Pullen

Filters

No filter
RGB
600 × 2-minutes

Total exposure: 20 hours

Kit list

This is the equipment I used to capture the image.
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Guidescope: William Optics 32mm Slide-Base Uniguide
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Processing

Once I began processing the data it was possible to draw out some details. The signal was still very weak though, and I ran into many problems.

First, noise. Normally I use Topaz DeNoise AI, but I’d heard good things about the recently released NoiseXTerminator plug-in for PixInsight. I gave it a go and wow, it’s impressive. See below for a before / after slider comparison. NoiseXTerminator will be my go-to noise reduction method from now on.

Slide across the image to compare no noise reduction (left) to NoiseXTerminator (right). This is a heavily cropped section of the full image.

The next problem was controlling star sizes. There are countless pin-pricks of light in the image, and quite a few larger stars too. I find that Generalised Hyperbolic Stretch does an excellent job of stretching to non-linear while controlling stars, so used that to good effect. I then used StarNet2 to remove the stars, and did a bit of work to reduce their number before adding them back in.

The third big problem was with colour. To get any detail I was mangling the data quite hard, and as a result was producing lurid colours. I wrestled with this for a while, and in the end did a fair amount of desaturation. This helped, but unfortunately removed some nice blue nebulosity. Oh well.

In all, this was a really tough target to image and process. I can see that dark skies would really help to produce a much better end result, but hey, at least it’s possible for city astrophotographers to glimpse the Shark too.

Example astrophotography image promoting one-to-one online astrophotography masterclasses

Example source data

Here’s an example single subframe and freshly integrated stack, just with simple stretches applied.

Seestar S50 image

This photo of the Shark Nebula was taken using my Seestar S50 telescope. It’s very difficult to make out, even with an integration time of over two hours.






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