
THE SHARK NEBULA
LDN 1235 • Dark nebula • Cepheus • 650 light-years from Earth
🔭
Askar FRA400
📷
ZWO 2600MC Pro
🌃
Bortle 8
⏱️
20 hours
🗓️
April & May 2022
Overview
The Shark Nebula, also known as LDN 1235, is a faint cloud of interstellar gas and dust stretching roughly 15 light years from head to tail. It’s a dark nebula, visible only by the way it blocks and subtly reflects background starlight rather than emitting light of its own. With extremely low surface brightness, the Shark Nebula is a demanding target for astrophotography and particularly challenging to image from light polluted urban skies.
Background
This was definitely the toughest target I’ve imaged to date! Astrophotographers wanting to capture the Shark Nebula tend to travel to the darkest skies possible, but my approach is always to try from a city and test what’s possible. For this, I used my faithful Askar FRA400 telescope and ZWO ASI 2600MC PRO camera. Being a broadband target, I didn’t use any filters, instead relying on a long total integration time. Well, I can now safely conclude the Shark can be imaged from Bortle 8 skies, but I wouldn’t necessarily recommend it!
It’s so incredibly faint that it didn’t show up at all in single 2-minute subs, and can’t really be seen even in a freshly integrated 20-hour image. Check the source data near the end of this page to see what I mean!

Kit list
This is the equipment I used to capture the image.
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Telescope: Askar FRA400
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Camera: ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro
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Guidescope: William Optics 32mm Slide-Base Uniguide
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Guidecam: ZWO ASI 120MM Mini
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Control: ASIAIR Plus
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Processing
Once I began processing the data it was possible to draw out some details. The signal was still very weak though, and I ran into many problems.
First, noise. Normally I use Topaz DeNoise AI, but I’d heard good things about the recently released NoiseXTerminator plug-in for PixInsight. I gave it a go and wow, it’s impressive. See below for a before / after slider comparison. NoiseXTerminator will be my go-to noise reduction method from now on.


The next problem was controlling star sizes. There are countless pin-pricks of light in the image, and quite a few larger stars too. I find that Generalised Hyperbolic Stretch does an excellent job of stretching to non-linear while controlling stars, so used that to good effect. I then used StarNet2 to remove the stars, and did a bit of work to reduce their number before adding them back in.
The third big problem was with colour. To get any detail I was mangling the data quite hard, and as a result was producing lurid colours. I wrestled with this for a while, and in the end did a fair amount of desaturation. This helped, but unfortunately removed some nice blue nebulosity. Oh well.
In all, this was a really tough target to image and process. I can see that dark skies would really help to produce a much better end result, but hey, at least it’s possible for city astrophotographers to glimpse the Shark too.
Example source data
Here’s an example single subframe and freshly integrated stack, just with simple stretches applied.


Seestar S50 image
This photo of the Shark Nebula was taken using my Seestar S50 telescope. It’s very difficult to make out, even with an integration time of over two hours.

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